atrophy
[at´ro-fe] 1. decrease in size of a normally developed organ or tissue; see also
wasting.
2. to undergo or cause such a decrease. adj., adj atroph´ic.
disuse atrophy atrophy of a tissue or organ as a result of inactivity or diminished function.
gyrate atrophy of choroid and retina a rare hereditary, slowly progressive atrophy of the choroid and pigment epithelium of the retina; inherited as an autosomal recessive trait.
myelopathic muscular atrophy muscular atrophy due to lesion of the spinal cord, as in spinal muscular atrophy.
olivopontocerebellar atrophy any of a group of progressive hereditary disorders involving degeneration of the cerebellar cortex, middle peduncles, ventral pontine surface, and olivary nuclei. They occur in the young to middle-aged and are characterized by ataxia, dysarthria, and tremors similar to those of parkinsonism.
senile atrophy the natural atrophy of tissues and organs occurring with advancing age.
spinal muscular atrophy progressive degeneration of the motor cells of the spinal cord, beginning usually in the small muscles of the hands, but in some cases (scapulohumeral type) in the upper arm and shoulder muscles, and progressing slowly to the leg muscles. Called also
Aran-Duchenne disease,
Cruveilhier's disease, and
Duchenne's disease.
subacute yellow atrophy submassive necrosis of the liver associated with broad zones of necrosis, due to viral, toxic, or drug-induced hepatitis; it may have an acute course with death from liver failure occurring after several weeks, or clinical recovery may be associated with regeneration of the parenchymal cells.
Miller-Keane Encyclopedia and Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing, and Allied Health, Seventh Edition. © 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.
per·o·ne·al mus·cu·lar at·ro·phy
a generic title for at least three distinct hereditary neuromuscular disorders, all of which share the common features of pes cavis and marked wasting of the more distal portion of the limbs, particularly the peroneal muscle groups (resulting in the characteristic "stork legs"). Included in this designation are hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy, type I (formerly known as Charcot-Marie-Tooth, type I, or the hypertrophic type of peroneal muscular atrophy); hereditary and motor sensory neuropathy, type II (formerly known as Charcot-Marie-Tooth, type II, or the neuronal type of peroneal muscular atrophy); and distal hereditary motor neuronopathy (formerly known as Charcot-Marie-Tooth, type III, the spinal type of peroneal muscular atrophy, or distal spinal muscular atrophy).
Farlex Partner Medical Dictionary © Farlex 2012
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
(shär-kō′mə-rē′to͞oth′, -mä-)n. Any of several hereditary disorders that affect the peripheral nerves, characterized by progressive wasting of the distal muscles of the extremities and usually affecting the legs and feet before the arms and hands.
The American Heritage® Medical Dictionary Copyright © 2007, 2004 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
Hereditary peroneal nerve dysfunction Neurology A clinically heterogenous and most common–1:2500 of the inherited peripheral neuropathies Clinical Slowly progressive atrophy of distal muscles, especially those innervated by the peroneal nerve, leading to muscular weakness and atrophy of hands, feet, and legs with pes cavus deformity, claw-hand, stork-leg appearance, with foot drop and a slapping gait EMG ↓ nerve conduction velocity, due to destruction of nerves with degeneration of myelin sheath Management NadaMcGraw-Hill Concise Dictionary of Modern Medicine. © 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
per·o·ne·al mus·cu·lar at·ro·phy
(per'ŏ-nē'ăl mŭs'kyū-lăr at'rŏ-fē) A group of familial peripheral neuromuscular disorders, sharing the common feature of marked wasting of the distal parts of the limbs, particularly the peroneal muscle groups, resulting in "stork legs."
Synonym(s):
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.
Medical Dictionary for the Health Professions and Nursing © Farlex 2012
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
A hereditary nervous system disorder caused by three copies of a gene on chromosome 17. The disease features atrophy of the muscles of the lower legs, followed by atrophy of the small muscles of the hands. There is no effective treatment. (Jean-Martin Charcot, 1825–1893, French neurologist; Pierre Marie, 1853–1940, French neurologist; and Howard Henry Tooth, 1856–1926, English physician).Collins Dictionary of Medicine © Robert M. Youngson 2004, 2005
Charcot,
Jean Martin, French neurologist, 1825-1893. Charcot arteries - any one of a variety of small cerebral arteries. Synonym(s): lenticulostriate arteries
Charcot arthritis
Charcot arthropathy
Charcot bath - for patients with arterial disorders.
Charcot change
Charcot gait - the gait of hereditary ataxia.
Charcot intermittent fever - fever, chills, right upper quadrant pain, and jaundice associated with intermittently obstructing common duct stones. Synonym(s):
Charcot fever Charcot joint - a neuropathic arthropathy that occurs with tabes dorsalis (tabetic neurosyphilis). Synonym(s): tabetic arthropathy
Charcot laryngeal vertigo - fainting as a result of a coughing spell, most often occurring in heavy-set male smokers with chronic bronchitis. Synonym(s):
Charcot vertigo;
tussive syncope Charcot spine
Charcot syndrome - a condition caused by ischemia of the muscles. Synonym(s): intermittent claudication
Charcot triad - (1) in multiple (disseminated) sclerosis, the three symptoms: nystagmus, tremor, and scanning speech; - (2) combination of jaundice, fever, and upper abdominal pain that occurs as a result of cholangitis.
Charcot-Böttcher crystalloids - spindle-shaped crystalloids found in human Sertoli cells.
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease - a group of three familial peripheral neuromuscular disorders, sharing the common feature of marked wasting of the more distal extremities. Synonym(s): peroneal muscular atrophy; Tooth disease
Charcot-Weiss-Baker syndrome - stimulation of a hyperactive carotid sinus, causing a marked fall in blood pressure. Synonym(s): carotid sinus syndrome
Charcot-Wilbrand syndrome - inability to recognize objects by sight, usually caused by bilateral parieto-occipital lesions.
Erb-Charcot disease - see under
Erb
Marie,
Pierre, French neurologist, 1853-1940. Brissaud-Marie syndrome - see under
Brissaud Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease - see under
Charcot Debré-Marie syndrome - see under
Debré Foix-Cavany-Marie syndrome - see under
Foix Marie ataxia - obsolete term for a variety of non-Friedreich hereditary ataxias.
Marie-Leri syndrome - swelling of deformed joints.
Marie-Sainton syndrome - excessive head development. Synonym(s): cleidocranial dysplasia; cleidocranial dysostosis
Marie II syndrome - endocrine and neurologic disorders.
Strümpell-Marie disease - see under
Strümpell
Tooth,
Howard H., English physician, 1856-1925. Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease - see under
Charcot Tooth disease - Synonym(s): Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
Medical Eponyms © Farlex 2012