inflammasome

A multiprotein cytoplasmic complex which activates one or more caspases, leading to the processing and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines—e.g., IL-1 beta, IL-18 and IL-33. Assembly of inflammasomes depends on the NOD-like receptor family members, such as the NALP proteins. The best studied of these pro-inflammatory protein complexes are NALP1 inflammasome and NALP3 inflammasome. Inflammasomes co-operate with Toll-like receptors to respond appropriately to pathogenic triggers and metabolic or genotoxic stresses, by processing interleukins and promoting the inflammatory response. Dysegulation or mutations in the genes’ encoding components of the inflammasome complex are associated with auto-immunity problems.

inflammasome

A complex of proteins found in macrophages and neutrophils with a fundamental role in the production of inflammation in innate immunity. The NALP 1 and NALP 3 members of the NALP family of proteins (nacht domain-, leucine-rich repeat-, and pyd-containing proteins) are the main components of the inflammasome. NAPL3 (cryopyrin) is the central element in the cryopyrin inflammasome. Activation of cryopyrin by bacteria or urate crystals (as in gout) sets off a cascade of events leading to inflammation.

Collins Dictionary of Medicine © Robert M. Youngson 2004, 2005

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References in periodicals archive

In order to extend its resources, Conatus is implementing a restructuring plan that includes reducing staff by approximately 40% and suspending development of its inflammasome disease candidate, CTS-2090.

Conatus to explore strategic alternatives, implement restructuring plan

In addition to the benefits of whole food, elimination-type diets for autoimmune conditions and targeting Gl function, inflammasome activity can be curtailed through [beta]-hydroxybutyrate, a ketone.

Joint Hypermobility Syndrome and Complex Illness: The Extracellular Matrix Connection

The NLRP3 inflammasome is believed to drive chronic inflammation associated with the progression of many neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's Disease.

Inflazome Receives Funding from The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research

Background: The nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome composed of NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing CARD (ASC), and caspase-1 is engaged in the inflammatory response of many kidney diseases and can be activated by purinergic 2X7 receptor (P2X7R).

Purinergic 2X7 Receptor is Involved in the Podocyte Damage of Obesity-Related Glomerulopathy via Activating Nucleotide-Binding and Oligomerization Domain-Like Receptor Protein 3 Inflammasome

"We found a key immune system target, called the NLRP3 inflammasome, lights up in Parkinson's patients, with signals found in the brain and even in the blood," Woodruff said.

New therapy for Parkinson's shows promise

Recently, the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome complex (including NOD-like receptor NLRP3, the adaptor molecule apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase-recruitment domain, and the effector molecule procaspase-1) play a critical role in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain (2, 5).

NLRP3 inflammasome signaling as an early molecular response is negatively controlled by miR-186 in CFA-induced prosopalgia mice

Innate immune responses are induced through interaction with toll-like receptors and inflammasome activation initially and subsequently through adaptive immune activation.

Current Concepts in Acne Pathogenesis: Pathways to Inflammation

These promote the formation of the NLRP3 inflammasome within activated microglia.

Higher neuroinflammatory markers explain racial disparities in Alzheimer's

In these subjects, the researchers found genetic evidence of the involvement of a so-called inflammasome.

Fast food makes the immune system more aggressive in the long term

The NLRP3 inflammasome is a multiprotein complex that recognizes various pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs).

Exenatide Delays the Progression of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in C57BL/6 Mice, Which May Involve Inhibition of the NLRP3 Inflammasome through the Mitophagy Pathway

The Activation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome by a Mechanism Involving the RIP1-RIP3 Signaling Pathway

The Pathogenesis of Necroptosis-Dependent Signaling Pathway in Cerebral Ischemic Disease

In humans, NLRP1 has the ability to activate caspase-1 by interacting directly with procaspase-1 or by recruiting adaptor protein ASC and then recruiting procaspase-1 to form a complex known as inflammasome [36].

Pyroptosis of MCF7 Cells Induced by the Secreted Factors of hUCMSCs