The placental problem: linking abnormal
cytotrophoblast differentiation to the maternal symptoms of preeclampsia.
We also examined the effects of MEHP on the MAPK pathway, which is essential for
cytotrophoblast differentiation (Vaillancourt et al.
CHMs, including the early forms, which lack a maternal genetic contribution, have absent (or very limited) p57 expression in villous
cytotrophoblast and villous stromal cells (Figure 5, A).
Therefore, the mature placental barrier will comprise the following components: syncytiotrophoblast,
cytotrophoblast, extraembryonic mesoderm, and the endothelial lining of the chorionic vessels (Sadler; Huppertz; Prieto Gomez et al., 2011; Roa et al.; Carlson).
Vascular endothelial growth factor ligands and receptors that regulate human
cytotrophoblast survival are dysregulated in severe preeclampsia and hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets syndrome.
((b) and (c)) Histological section of the tumor displaying clusters of abnormal syncytiotrophoblast and
cytotrophoblast cells (hematoxylin-eosin staining, (b) x50 magnification and (c) x200 magnification).
Cysts may be large and identified grossly; there may be an increase in density of syncytial knots or in
cytotrophoblast clustering within the villous stroma [2,16], as well as placental dysmaturity [17].
In early pregnancy, extravillous
cytotrophoblast cells leave the placental villus and invade the decidua, myometrium and uterine vessels (16).
For instance, hypoxia during early pregnancy induces the release from
cytotrophoblast cells and placental MSCs of a higher number of EVs with different contents and activities [193, 194].
pylori infection in the occurrence of pre-eclampsia, a hypertensive and coagulative disorder.33 Anti-CagA antibodies are able to recognise b-actin of
cytotrophoblast cells and affect their invasiveness.34 Furthermore, high H.
The placenta corresponding to the first twin was 19 x 10 x 3 cm and the microscopic examination showed an intraplacental choriocarcinoma characterized by focal proliferation of both
cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast in the intervillous space without involvement of the adjacent chorionic villi (Figures 1(d), 1(e), and 1(f)).