Although some cases are idiopathic, the known etiologies are similar to those in DAD and OP, such as infection,
collagen vascular disease, drug reaction, or environmental exposure.
The major ones are Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis, Sarcoidosis, ILD associated with
collagen vascular diseases. Diagnosis of ILD occurs mostly in the fifth and sixth decades, but differs between the ILD diseases, ranging from the fourth decade for sarcoidosis to the seventh decade for drugrelated ILD (Lim et al, 1996; Johnston et al, 1997;
The incidence and the severity of the side effects associated with radiotherapy depend on dose, dose rate, the volume irradiated, the quality of radiation administered, age, gender, accompanying diseases, hormonotherapy, anemia and
collagen vascular diseases. Depending on these factors, injuries of various degrees ranging from minimal changes to total necrosis develop and repair occurs rapidly and totally or is not possible based on the degree of these injuries.1,3,4,6
Systemic and portal diseases proposed but not proven to be involved include
collagen vascular diseases, myeloproliferative and lymphoproliferative disorders, and autoimmune T-cell response (6,Z).
It illustrates the analysis of radiographic changes in a specific joint and the common arthropathies that produce these changes, then the radiographic hallmarks of each, with chapters on rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic and reactive arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarthritis, neuropathic osteoarthropathy, diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis, gout, calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition disease, hydroxyapatite deposition disease, miscellaneous deposition diseases,
collagen vascular diseases, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, hemophilia, and mass-like arthropathies.
There are many different approaches to the evaluation of the lungs in patients with
collagen vascular diseases. Many books have been published about the evaluation of the lungs in patients with rheumatic diseases (connective tissue diseases (CTDs) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA)).
Chest abnormalities are present on high-resolution CT in 70%-90% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, or other
collagen vascular diseases, although the abnormalities often don't show up on a chest x-ray.
Specific topics include cadherins and connexins in pulmonary endothelial function, pulmonary endothelial progenitor cells, oxidant-mediated signaling and injury in pulmonary endothelium, therapeutic strategies to limit pulmonary endothelial cell permeability, genetic insights into endothelial barrier regulation in the acutely inflamed lung, and
collagen vascular diseases and pulmonary endothelium.
Differential diagnosis includes infections,
collagen vascular diseases, and more serious drug rashes.
(4) Finally, many systemic diseases can lead to auricular ossification, including congenital plaque-like osteomatosis, Albright hereditary osteodystrophy, fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva, Addison disease, osseous heteroplasia, and
collagen vascular diseases, especially CREST syndrome and childhood dermatomyositis.
Other noninfectious causes of erosive vulvovaginitis include
collagen vascular diseases and a local toxic effect of a drug.