insufficiency

[in″sŭ-fish´en-se]

inability to perform properly an allotted function; called also incompetence.

adrenal insufficiency abnormally diminished activity of the adrenal gland; called also hypoadrenalism.

adrenocortical insufficiency abnormally diminished secretion of corticosteroids by the adrenal cortex; see also addison's disease. Called also hypoadrenocorticism and hypocorticism.

aortic insufficiency inadequate closure of the aortic valve, permitting aortic regurgitation.

coronary insufficiency decreased supply of blood to the myocardium resulting from constriction or obstruction of the coronary arteries, but not accompanied by necrosis of the myocardial cells. Called also myocardial ischemia.

ileocecal insufficiency inability of the ileocecal valve to prevent backflow of contents from the cecum into the ileum.

mitral insufficiency inadequate closure of the mitral valve, permitting mitral regurgitation.

placental insufficiency dysfunction of the placenta, with reduction in the area of exchange of nutrients; it often leads to fetal growth retardation.

pulmonary insufficiency

1. pulmonary valve insufficiency.

2. respiratory insufficiency.

pulmonary valve insufficiency inadequate closure of the pulmonary valve, permitting pulmonic regurgitation.

respiratory insufficiency see respiratory insufficiency.

thyroid insufficiency hypothyroidism.

tricuspid insufficiency incomplete closure of the tricuspid valve, resulting in tricuspid regurgitation.

valvular insufficiency failure of a cardiac valve to close perfectly, causing valvular regurgitation; see also aortic, mitral, pulmonary, and tricuspid insufficiency.

velopharyngeal insufficiency inadequate velopharyngeal closure, due to a condition such as cleft palate or muscular dysfunction, resulting in defective speech.

venous insufficiency inadequacy of the venous valves and impairment of venous return from the lower limbs (venous stasis), often with edema and sometimes with stasis ulcers at the ankle.

a·or·tic in·suf·fi·cien·cy

functional incompetence of the aortic valve, with resulting regurgitation of blood from the aorta during left ventricular diastole; may be congenital, inflammatory (for example, in rheumatic fever or SLE), or degenerative. See: aortic regurgitation.

Farlex Partner Medical Dictionary © Farlex 2012

aortic insufficiency

The reflow of blood back from the aorta into the left ventricle due to incompetency of the aortic valve.

Clinical findings
Dyspnoea on exertion, orthopnea, fatigue, ± angina, increased pulse pressure, systolic hypertension with increased afterload on left ventricle.

Aetiology
Congenital or acquired valve defect of either the aortic leaflets (infectious endocarditis, rheumatic fever) or the aortic root (annuloaortic ectasia, Marfan syndrome, aortic dissection, collagen vascular disease, syphilis).

Examination
Increased pulse pressure (Corrigan’s pulse, Hill sign, Musset sign, Quincke’s pulse), systolic murmur, diastolic rumble (Austin Flint murmur over cardiac apex).

Workup
Doppler echocardiography to estimate severity of AR, confirmed by aortography.

Management
Early valve replacement surgery, guided by the ‘55 rule’—i.e., performed when the ejection fraction is < 55% and/or the end-systolic dimension = 55 mm.

a·or·tic re·gur·gi·ta·tion

(ā-ōr'tik rē-gŭr'ji-tā'shŭn)

Reflux of blood through an incompetent aortic valve into the left ventricle during ventricular diastole.
Synonym(s): aortic insufficiency, Corrigan disease.

Medical Dictionary for the Health Professions and Nursing © Farlex 2012

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References in periodicals archive

Kaiser GC, Williams VL, Thurmann M, Hanlon CR: Valve replacement in cases of aortic insufficiency due to active endocarditis.

Gonococcal endocarditis

Video 2: initial aortogram showing severe (4+) aortic insufficiency. Note the location of the bioprosthesis sewing ring approximately 2 mm below the bottom of the pigtail catheter.

Caption: Figure 1: Transaortic Doppler demonstrating dense aortic regurgitation signal with markedly reduced pressure half time, suggestive of severe aortic insufficiency.

(e) Pre-TAVI aortogram shows 4+ aortic insufficiency. (f) Post-TAVI aortogram shows no aortic insufficiency and acceptable implantation depth.

Emergency Valve-in-Valve Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation for the Treatment of Acute Stentless Bioprosthetic Aortic Insufficiency and Cardiogenic Shock

Minimal mitral valve regurgitation was seen in one patient treated with 15 mg sibutramine and minimal aortic insufficiency was seen in two patients treated with 15 mg sibutramine.

Cardiac valve evaluation and adipokine levels in obese women treated with sibutramine/ Sibutramin ile tedavi edilen obez kadiniarda kardiyak kapak degerlendirmesi ve adipokin duzeyleri

There are two main operative procedures for valve-sparing aortic root reconstruction: the re-modeling method which has been performed since its original description in 1978 by Yacoub3,4, and the re-implantation method2 which has been performed since its original description in 1988 by David et al.5 Use of the re-implantation technique in patients with severe aortic insufficiency remains controversial.6 To address this problem we analyzed outcome in 19 patients who underwent aortic valve re-implantation but differed with regard to the severity of their preoperative aortic insufficiency.

As seen in this table mean age of patients was 51.7+-13.2 years and majority of patients had severe aortic insufficiency.

Valve sparing aortic root reconstruction in acute dissection of the ascending aorta

Quadricuspid aortic valve: a rare cause of aortic insufficiency diagnosed by Doppler echocardiography.

Functional status of the quadricuspid aortic valve/an uncommon coincidence of congenital quadricuspid aortic valve accompanied by hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy/Kuadrikuspid aort kapagin fonksiyonel durumu/konjenital kuadrikuspid aort kapak ile hipertrofik kardiyomiyopatinin nadir birlikteligi

In most of the patients, in early period, secondary aortic insufficiency is detected due to the root dilatation by echocardiography.

The case presented in this report is a rarely observed one as aortic insufficiency and pulmonary stenosis is detected in the same patient concomitantly within a short time of 5 years and double valve re-replacement is applied.

Early double valve re-replacement after Ross operation/Ross ameliyati sonrasi erken donemde cift kapak re-replasmani

The first control echocardiography demonstrated aortic insufficiency (+3), mitral insufficiency (+I) and 1.5cm in diameter vegetation on the mitral anterior leaflet.

A surgical salvage case with active endocarditis and aortic coarctation/Aktif endokarditli aort koarktasyonlu olguda kurtarici cerrahi girisim

His color and continuous wave Doppler (CW) examination of the aortic valve was consistent with moderate to severe aortic insufficiency (AI) with an uncertain band localized at subaortic level.

Muscularisation of the chordae tendineae: an unusual etiology for aortic insufficiency/Muskularize korda tendinea: aortik yetmezligin etyolojisinde az rastlanan bir neden