As a result, funds have primarily been used to develop
miniaturized satellites for space research, including those from South Africa and Nigeria.
Constantinou, "Electrically small microstrip antennas targeting
miniaturized satellites: the CubeSat paradigm," in Microstrip Antennas, N.
The biggest population explosion in space is of commercially operated CubeSats,
miniaturized satellites, usually with a volume of exactly one litre (10-centimetre cube).
Meanwhile,
miniaturized satellites, or nanosats, are opening up space to a whole new range of users: these new, smaller satellites provide a degraded functionality compared to traditional satellites, but for a fraction of the cost - from about $150,000 to $1 million for such a satellite, including launch, vs.