Myoglobinuria, etiology
Connective Tissue Disease Polymyositis, dermatomyositis
Hereditary Carnitine palmityl transferase deficiency, glycogen storage disease type V–phosphorylase deficiency, McArdle's disease, myopathies associated with glycogen or lipid storage, paroxysmal familial myoglobinuria, malignant hyperthermia, periodic paralysis
Infection
Bacteria–eg, Legionnaire's disease
Parasites–eg, trichinosis, toxoplasmosis
Viral–eg, EBV, influenza, herpes
Toxins Alcohol–alcoholic myopathy, carbon monoxide, phencyclidine–PCP, 'angel dust', ethylene glycol, insect venom, some diuretics, Haff disease–historic interest
Trauma Crush injury, excess/prolonged physical exertion–eg, marathon running, severe muscle injury, crush injury
Etcetera Hyperthermia, infarction due to vascular occlusion, seizures
The diagnosis is based on clinical suspicion–especially with bright red urine and ↑ CK