acid

[as´id]

1. sour.

2. a substance that yields hydrogen ions in solution and from which hydrogen may be displaced by a metal to form a salt. For the various acids, see under the specific name, such as acetic acid. All acids react with bases to form salts and water (neutralization). Other properties of acids include a sour taste and the ability to cause certain dyes to undergo a color change. A common example of this is the ability of acids to change litmus paper from blue to red.

Inorganic acids are distinguished as binary or hydracids, and ternary or oxyacids; the former contain no oxygen; in the latter, the hydrogen is united to an electronegative element by oxygen. The hydracids are distinguished by the prefix hydro-. The names of acids end in -ic, except in the case in which there are two degrees of oxygenation. The acid containing the greater amount of oxygen has the termination -ic, the one having the lesser amount has the termination -ous. Acids with the termination -ic form the salts ending in -ate; those ending in -ous form the salts ending in -ite. The salts of hydracids end in -ide. These rules are demonstrated by the acids and salts: hydrochloric acid (HCl), sodium chloride (NaCl), sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄), sodium sulfate (Na₂SO₄), sulfurous acid (H₂SO₃), sodium sulfite (Na₂SO₃). Acids are called monobasic, dibasic, tribasic, and tetrabasic, respectively, when they contain one, two, three, or four replaceable hydrogen atoms.

The most common organic acids are carboxylic acids, containing the carboxyl group (-COOH); examples are acetic acid, citric acid, amino acids, and fatty acids. Their salts and esters end in -ate, e.g., ethyl acetate. Other organic acids are phenols and sulfonic acids.

Acids play a vital role in the chemical processes that are a normal part of the functions of the cells and tissues of the body. A stable balance between acids and bases in the body is essential to life. See also acid-base balance.

acid elution test air-dried blood smears are fixed in 80 per cent methanol and immersed in a pH 3.3 buffer; all hemoglobins are eluted except fetal hemoglobin (HbF), which is seen in red blood cells after staining.

inorganic acid an acid containing no carbon atoms.

acid perfusion test Bernstein test.

acid phosphatase a lysosomal enzyme that hydrolyzes phosphate esters liberating inorganic phosphate and has an optimal pH of about 5.0. Serum activity of the prostatic isoenzyme is greatly increased in metastatic cancer of the prostate and is used to monitor the course of the disease.

ac·id

(as'id),

1. A compound yielding a hydrogen ion in a polar solvent (for example, in water); acids form salts by replacing all or part of the ionizable hydrogen with an electropositive element or radical.

2. Colloquially, any chemical compound that has a sour taste (given by the hydrogen ion).

3. Sour; sharp to the taste.

4. Relating to acid; giving an acid reaction. For individual acids not shown here, see specific names.

[L. acidus, sour]

Farlex Partner Medical Dictionary © Farlex 2012

acid

(ăs′ĭd)

Chemistry

a. Any of a class of substances whose aqueous solutions are characterized by a sour taste, the ability to turn blue litmus red, and the ability to react with bases and certain metals to form salts.

b. A substance that yields hydrogen ions when dissolved in water.

c. A substance that can act as a proton donor.

d. A substance that can accept a pair of electrons to form a covalent bond.

adj.

1. Chemistry

a. Of, relating to, or containing an acid.

b. Having a high concentration of acid.

c. Having the characteristics of an acid.

a. Having a pH of less than 7.

b. Having a relatively high concentration of hydrogen ions.

ac′id·ly adv.

ac′id·ness n.

Chemistry adjective Relating or referring to an acid, acidic
noun
(1) A chemical that can accept a pair of electrons or donate a proton
(2) Any usually water-soluble compound that donates a hydrogen ion—H+—or proton in a chemical reaction, or can accept a pair of electrons and combine with metals to form salts
Drug slang LSD

acid

Chemistry A chemical that can accept a pair of electrons or donate a proton adjective

1. Relating to an acid, acidic.

2. Sour in taste noun Any usually water-soluble compound that donates a hydrogen ion–H+ or proton in a chemical reaction, or can accept a pair of electrons and combine with metals to form salts. See Acetylsalicylic acid, Alpha-lipoic acid, Amino acid, Arachidonic acid, Azelaic acid, Benzoic acid, Betulinic acid, Bile acid, Binary acid, Cis fatty acid, Conjugated linoleic acid, Deoxyribonucleic acid, Decosaenoic acid, Delta-aminolevulinic acid, Dextromethorphan acetic acid, Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, Dimethylxanthenone acetic acid, Domoic acid, DMSA acid, Eicosapentaenoic acid, Ellagic acid, Essential amino acid, Essential fatty acid, Excitatory amino acid, Fatty acid, acid, Free-form amino acid, Fibric acid, Folic acid, Formic acid, Gamma-linolenic acid, Glacial acetic acid, Homogentisic acid, Homovanillic acid, Hyaluronic acid, Hydrofluoric acid, 5-Hydroxyindole acetic acid, Hydrochloric acid, Ibotenic acid, Kainic acid, Lactic acid, Linoleic acid, Linolenic acid, Lipid-associated sialic acid, Methylmalonic acid, Mevalonic acid, n-3 fatty acid, Nalidixic acid, Nicotinic acid, Nitrilotriacetic acid, Nordihydroguaiaretic acid, Nucleic acid, Okadaic acid, Organic acid, Orotic acid, Oxolinic acid, Pangamic acid, Pantothenic acid, Paraaminobenzoic acid, Phosphoenolpyruvic acid, Phytanic acid, Picric acid, Polyunsaturated fatty acid, Retinoic acid, Ribonucleic acid, Saturated fatty acid, Uncoded amino acid, Uric acid. Cf Base Drug slang Popular for LSD, see there.

ac·id

(as'id)

1. A compound yielding a hydrogen ion in a polar solvent (e.g., in water); acids form salts by replacing all or part of the ionizable hydrogen with an electropositive element or radical.

2. In popular language, any chemical compound that has a sharp or sour taste (given by the hydrogen ion).

3. Relating to acid; giving an acidic reaction.

4. Colloq. for lysergic acid diethylamide.

[L. acidus, sour]

Medical Dictionary for the Health Professions and Nursing © Farlex 2012

acid

1. Any compound capable of releasing hydrogen ions when dissolved in water.

2. A solution with a hydrogen ion concentration greater than that of pure water.

3. Having a pH of less than 7. pH is the common logarithm of the reciprocal of the hydrogen ion concentration.

Collins Dictionary of Medicine © Robert M. Youngson 2004, 2005

acid

any chemical substance that acts as a proton donor. Acids dissolve in water with the formation of hydrogen ions which may be replaced by metals to form salts.

Acid

Common street name for LSD.

Mentioned in: Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)

ac·id

(as'id)

1. A compound yielding a hydrogen ion in a polar solvent; acids form salts by replacing all or part of the ionizable hydrogen with an electropositive element or radical.

2. Colloquially, any chemical compound that has a sour taste.

3. Sour; sharp to the taste.

4. Relating to acid; giving an acid reaction.

5. A substance with a pH between 0 and 7.

[L. acidus, sour]

Patient discussion about acid

Q. Why should I take folic acid? I heard that it is recommended for women to take folic acid every day. Should I take it even if I am not pregnant?

A. Folic acid is a B vitamin promoted mainly as part of a healthy diet to reduce the risk of neural tube birth defects (such as spina bifida and anencephaly), some types of cancer, and heart disease. It has also been studied for use in Alzheimer's disease and in chronic fatigue syndrome. While evidence of its ability to reduce neural tube defects in infants (when taken by the mother before and during pregnancy) is fairly strong, its effects against other conditions are still under study.

Q. Why to take Folic Acid during pregnancy? I am in the beginning of my pregnancy and the Doctor told me to take Folic Acid every day, why?

A. Folic acid can reduce your risk of having a baby with a serious birth defect of the brain and spinal cord, called the “neural tube.” A baby with spina bifida, the most common neural tube defect, is born with a spine that is not closed. The exposed nerves are damaged, leaving the child with varying degrees of paralysis, incontinence, and sometimes mental retardation. Recommended daily dose of Folic acid is 600 mcg.

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http://doctoradhi.com/blog/?p=106

Q. Which foods contain folic acid? I was told by my Doctor to take folic acid. Which foods are rich with folic acid so I can add them to my diet?

A. Folic acid is a B vitamin found in many vegetables, beans, fruits, whole grains, and in fortified breakfast cereals.

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