fissure

[fish´er]

1. a narrow slit or cleft, especially one of the deeper or more constant furrows separating the gyri of the brain.

2. a deep cleft in the surface of a tooth, usually due to imperfect fusion of the enamel of the adjoining dental lobes. It can be treated with a dental sealant to decrease risk of caries.

abdominal fissure a congenital cleft in the abdominal wall; see also gastroschisis and thoracoceloschisis. Called also celoschisis.

anal fissure (fissure in ano) a painful lineal ulcer at the margin of the anus.

anterior median fissure a longitudinal furrow along the midline of the ventral surface of the spinal cord and medulla oblongata.

fissure of Bichat transverse fissure (def. 2).

branchial fissure pharyngeal groove.

central fissure fissure of Rolando.

collateral fissure a longitudinal fissure on the inferior surface of the cerebral hemisphere between the fusiform gyrus and the hippocampal gyrus.

Henle's f's spaces filled with connective tissue between the muscular fibers of the heart.

hippocampal fissure one extending from the splenium of the corpus callosum almost to the tip of the temporal lobe; called also hippocampal sulcus.

longitudinal fissure the deep fissure between the two cerebral hemispheres.

palpebral fissure the longitudinal opening between the eyelids.

portal fissure porta hepatis.

posterior median fissure

1. a shallow vertical groove in the closed part of the medulla oblongata, continuous with the posterior median fissure of the spinal cord.

2. a shallow vertical groove dividing the spinal cord throughout its length in the midline posteriorly; called also posterior median sulcus.

presylvian fissure the anterior branch of the fissure of Sylvius.

pudendal fissure rima pudendi.

Rolando's fissure (fissure of Rolando) a groove running obliquely across the superolateral surface of a cerebral hemisphere, separating the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe. Called also central fissure and central sulcus.

fissure of round ligament one on the visceral surface of the liver, lodging the round ligament in the adult.

sylvian fissure (fissure of Sylvius) one extending laterally between the temporal and frontal lobes, and turning posteriorly between the temporal and parietal lobes.

transverse fissure

1. porta hepatis.

2. the transverse cerebral fissure between the diencephalon and the cerebral hemispheres; called also fissure of Bichat.

zygal fissure any of the fissures on the cerebral cortex that consist of two branches connected by a stem.

lat·er·al sul·cus

deepest and most prominent of the cortical sulci, extending from the anterior perforated substance first laterally at the deep incisure between the frontal and temporal lobes, then caudal and slightly posterior over the lateral aspect of the cerebral hemisphere; the superior temporal gyrus forms its lower bank, the insula its greatly expanded floor, and the frontal and parietal opercula its upper bank. The sulcus is composed of three portions, a large posterior ramus [TA] (ramus posterior [TA]) that is commonly called the lateral sulcus, a short anterior ramus [TA] (ramus posterior [TA]) located between the pars orbitalis and pars triangularis of the inferior frontal gyrus, and a short ascending ramus [TA] (ramus ascendens [TA]) located between the pars triangularis and pars opercularis.

Synonym(s): sulcus lateralis [TA], fissura cerebri lateralis, lateral cerebral fissure, sylvian fissure, fissure of Sylvius

Farlex Partner Medical Dictionary © Farlex 2012

sylvian fissure

(sĭl′vē-ən)

The deepest and most conspicuous of the cortical fissures of the brain, extending between the frontal and temporal lobes, then back and slightly upward over the lateral aspect of the cerebral hemisphere. Also called fissure of Sylvius, lateral sulcus.

Sylvius,

Franciscus, Dutch physician, 1614-1672.

aqueduct of Sylvius

fossa of Sylvius

sylvian angle

sylvian fissure - Synonym(s): lateral cerebral sulcus

sylvian line

sylvian point

sylvian valve - Synonym(s): valve of inferior vena cava

sylvian ventricle - Synonym(s): cavity of septum pellucidum

vallecula sylvii

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References in periodicals archive

Otherwise, it provides route to drain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from basal cisterns before Sylvian fissure splitting.

Minipterional craniotomy with transsylvian-transinsular approach for hypertensive putaminal hemorrhage: A preliminary report

During development, neuroplasticity driven by visual-spatial experiences coded in the right inferior parietal lobe might cause expansion and push the sylvian fissure forward and up (Binder et al., 1996).

IMAGING BRAIN STRUCTURE IN CHILDREN: DIFFERENTIATING LANGUAGE DISABILITY AND READING DISABILITY

Because patients are usually scanned in the supine position, particularly important locations include the interpeduncular cistern, the occipital horns of the lateral ventricles, the quadrigeminal plate cistern, and the dependent portions of the Sylvian fissures (Figure 1).

Imaging "worst headache of my life" Part 1: conditions in which the initial CT is often positive

A biopsy was then taken from the meninges in the left sylvian fissure, which confirmed GBM.

Glioblastoma multiforme has many faces

The main stem of the middle cerebral artery is the lenticuiostriate artery.[8] This artery supplies blood to parts of the basal ganglia and fibers of the internal capsule.[4,8,12] Near the sylvian fissure, the middle cerebral artery separates into three cortical branches: the anterior temporal artery, superior trunk and inferior trunk.[4,8] These three vessels supply blood to the cortical surfaces of the parietal, temporal and frontal lobes.[23] The pattern of middle cerebral artery occlusion determines which clinical symptoms a patient exhibits (Table 1).

Brain attack: correlative anatomy

CECT brain showed abnormal enhancement of bilateral frontal, temporal, parietal cortical sulci, Sylvian fissure and basal cisterns.

Dengue encephalitis in a child--a case report

The MCA dot sign is a punctate focus of hyperattenuation located in the sylvian fissure on non-enhanced CT, and is a recently described variant of the HMCA sign.

The hyperdense MCA sign and the MCA dot sign

The insular cortex and early formation of the Sylvian fissure occur during weeks 11 to 28 of gestation through a process termed operculization.

Pediatric neuroradiology, part 1: Embryologic basis for brain malformation