polycystic kidney

pol·y·cys·tic kid·ney

a progressive disease characterized by formation of multiple cysts of varying size scattered diffusely throughout both kidneys, resulting in compression and destruction of renal parenchyma, usually with hypertension, gross hematuria, and uremia leading to progressive renal failure. There are two major types: with onset in infancy or early childhood, usually of autosomal recessive inheritance [MIM*263200]; with onset in adulthood, of autosomal dominant inheritance with genetic heterogeneity [MIM*173900, 173910, and 600666]; may be caused by mutation in either polycystin-1 gene on chromosome 16p, polycystin-2 gene on 4q, or gene(s) not identified yet.

Synonym(s): multicystic kidney, polycystic disease of kidneys

Farlex Partner Medical Dictionary © Farlex 2012

polycystic kidney

A nonspecific term for two morphologically similar but clinically and genetically distinct conditions:
(1) Autosomal dominant (“adult") polycystic kidney disease (OMIM:173900);
(2) Autosomal recessive (“infantile") polycystic kidney disease (OMIM:263200).

Segen's Medical Dictionary. © 2012 Farlex, Inc. All rights reserved.

polycystic kidney

Polycystic renal disease Nephrology An inherited disease characterized by the development of innumerable cysts in the kidneys filled with fluid–urine that replace much of the mass of the kidneys and reduce kidney function leading to kidney failure. See Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, Multilocular cyst of the kidney.

Polycystic disorders of kidneys

Renal dysplasia Relatively common, often acquired, presents in infancy; unilateral or bilateral and segmental, focally irregular cystic kidneys, related to mesenchymal immaturity, accompanied by obstruction

Infantile polycystic kidneys Uncommon, AR, seen in infants with massively enlarged kidneys and aberrant bile ducts.

Adult polycystic kidneys Common (1-2:1000, US), AD, located to a gene on chromosome 16, affects adults, large bumpy kidneys, cysts in liver, lung, pancreas, berry aneurysms in brain

Medullary sponge kidneys Common, bilateral, uncertain pattern of heredity, affects adults, inability to concentrate urine, hypercalcemia, nephrolithiasis, pyelonephritis, distal renal tubular acidosis and cystic dilation of collecting ducts; renal function and life span may be normal

Uremic medullary sponge kidney Rare, inherited, first seen in young adults; bilateral corticomedullary junction cysts and functional tubular defects, Fanconi syndrome and uremia.

McGraw-Hill Concise Dictionary of Modern Medicine. © 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

pol·y·cys·tic kid·ney

, polycystic disease of kidneys (pol'ē-sis'tik kid'nē, di-zēz' kid'nēz)

A progressive disease characterized by formation of multiple cysts of varying size scattered diffusely throughout both kidneys, resulting in compression and destruction of kidney parenchyma, usually with hypertension, gross hematuria, and uremia.

Medical Dictionary for the Health Professions and Nursing © Farlex 2012

polycystic kidney

A genetically determined condition in which both kidneys are greatly enlarged and contain large numbers of cysts. Kidney function is prejudiced and most affected people suffer kidney failure or other serious complications by middle age. See also AUTOSOMAL POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASE.

Collins Dictionary of Medicine © Robert M. Youngson 2004, 2005