A posterior spinal fusion procedure was performed to create spinal balance in both the side and frontal
planes of the body, which meant the patient's head would balance over the hips when viewed from the front and side.
(An appendix offers a summary of anatomical terminology, such as
planes of the body, how muscles are named, and terms that describe movement of joints.) Exercises that encompass both observation and action reinforce the principles discussed, and the summary for this section is an exercise for coordinated vocal production.
* The use of a second color to distinguish important headings, central rays, anatomical structures and
planes of the body. This assists the reader in quickly finding the information he or she needs.