A A pervasive pattern of negativistic attitudes and passive resistance to demands for adequate performance, beginning by early adulthood and present in various contexts, indicated by at least four of the following
1. Passive resistance to routine social or occupational obligations
.
2. Complains of being misunderstood or underappreciated
.
3. Complains of personal misfortune
.
4. Sullenness or belligerance (argumentative)
.
5. Highly critical of authority
.
6. Resents or is envious of those perceived as being more fortunate
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7. Alternates between hostile defiance and contrition
B Not accounted for by dysthymic disorder or occurs exclusively during major depressive episodes
.