In the mouse embryo, the
intramembranous bone (MB) is highly stained, and we can compare similar staining of perichondria in chick and mouse (double arrow).
Whether
intramembranous bone could also be reprogrammed into iPS cells remains to be determined.
Although the most important abnormalities are seen in bone reformations through
intramembranous ossification in the clavicle, cranium, and the pelvis, endochondral bone growth is also mildly impaired and causes a mild form of dwarfism [2, 4].
On electron microscopy (EM), subepithelial and
intramembranous electron-dense deposits (EDD) and electron-lucent deposits were mainly noted, but mesangial and subendothelial EDD were also partially detected (Figure 2(c)).
Another key difference is found in the electron microscopy where in C3 glomerulopathy, there are mesangial, subendothelial, or sometimes subepithelial or
intramembranous deposits which are lobular and amorphous [21].
Human stanniocalcin-1 or -2 expressed in mice reduces bone size and severely inhibits cranial
intramembranous bone growth.
Deficient mineralization of
intramembranous bone in Vitamin D-24-hydroxylase-ablated mice is due to elevated 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and not to the absence of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D.
Temporal gene expression profiling during rat femoral marrow ablation-induced
intramembranous bone regeneration.
The major affected bones are those which undergo
intramembranous ossification such as cranial vault, clavicles, maxilla, nasal, and lacrimal bones.[sup][5] It is characterized by the absence of the clavicles, which usually occurs in 10% of cases or the presence of hypoplastic clavicles which allow the hypermobility of shoulders that can move it up to the medial plane of the body.
[H.sub.2][O.sub.2] affects lipids and
intramembranous proteins.