Low-intensity ultrasound stimulates
endochondral ossification in vitro.
In the early intramembranous ossification and
endochondral ossification stages of fracture-healing, the local expression of TGF-[beta]1 and BMP-2 was strongly increased at an early stage in the control group compared with the diabetes group, in all cells (osteogenic cells, osteoblasts in the subperiosteal bone, fibroblast-like cells, proliferating chondrocytes, mature chondrocytes, and osteoblasts in the trabecular bone near to the
endochondral ossification front).
They are produced by a progressive
endochondral ossification of a growing cartilaginous cap.
Myoui, "Oxygen tension regulates chondrocyte differentiation and function during
endochondral ossification," Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.
Such a mineral phase indicated that in AKU aortic valve a process of
endochondral ossification like in bone was occurring, as also evidenced by SEM images with collagen appearing as delicate bundles of fibres with a random orientation and exhibiting like bone concretions (Figure 2(a)B).
This however did not reflect for the lower values of lower facial height in prepubertal males, which was difficult to explain but may not be unrelated to the differential apposition in growth of the various
endochondral ossification sites in the mandible, 2 anterior, present in the (symphysis and alveolar arch) and 2 posterior (condyle and coronoid).
(1,2) Within the normal intramembranous ossification, areas of
endochondral ossification may also be present.
The development of antlers is a modified
endochondral ossification process (Rucklidge et al., 1997), which is co-regulated by various biomolecules, including IGF-I, FGFs, TGF-b etc.
The pathogenesis of rickets involves impaired mineralization of physeal and epiphyseal cartilage during
endochondral ossification and newly formed osteoid (McCarthy and Frassica, 1998).