vaccine
[vak-sēn´] a suspension of attenuated or killed microorganisms (viruses, bacteria, or rickettsiae), administered for prevention, amelioration, or treatment of infectious diseases.
anthrax vaccine a cell-free protein extract of cultures of
Bacillus anthracis, used for immunization against
anthrax.
attenuated vaccine a vaccine prepared from live microorganisms or viruses cultured under adverse conditions, leading to loss of their virulence but retention of their ability to induce protective immunity.
autogenous vaccine a vaccine prepared from microorganisms which have been freshly isolated from the lesion of the patient who is to be treated with it.
bacterial vaccine a preparation of killed or attenuated bacteria used as an active immunizing agent.
cholera vaccine a preparation of killed
Vibrio cholerae, administered intradermally, subcutaneously, or intramuscularly for immunization against
cholera.
diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine DTP vaccine: a combination of
diphtheria and
tetanus toxoids and
pertussis vaccine; administered intramuscularly for simultaneous immunization against diphtheria, tetanus, and whooping cough. When the pertussis vaccine is an acellular form, the combination may be abbreviated
DTaP.
Haemophilus b conjugate vaccine (HbCV) a preparation of
Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide covalently bound to
diphtheria toxoid or to a specific diphtheria protein, meningococcal protein, or tetanus protein; it stimulates both B and T lymphocyte responses and is much more immunogenic than the polysaccharide vaccine. Administered intramuscularly as a routine immunizing agent in infants and young children.
Haemophilus b polysaccharide vaccine (HbPV) a preparation of highly purified capsular polysaccharide derived from
Haemophilus influenzae type b, which stimulates an
immune response in B lymphocytes only; administered intramuscularly or subcutaneously as an immunizing agent in children ages 18 months to 5 years.
hepatitis A vaccine inactivated an inactivated whole virus vaccine derived from an attenuated strain of
hepatitis A virus grown in cell culture; administered intramuscularly.
hepatitis B vaccine a preparation of
hepatitis B surface antigen, derived either from human plasma of carriers of hepatitis B
(hepatitis B vaccine inactivated) or from cloning in yeast cells
(hepatitis B vaccine [recombinant]); administered intramuscularly.
heterologous vaccine a vaccine that confers protective immunity against a pathogen that shares cross-reacting antigens with the microorganisms in the vaccine.
human diploid cell vaccine rabies vaccine prepared from rabies virus grown in cultures of human diploid embryo lung cells and inactivated; administered intramuscularly or intradermally.
live vaccine a vaccine prepared from live microorganisms that have been attenuated but retain their immunogenic properties.
Lyme disease vaccine (recombinant OspA) a preparation of outer surface protein A (OspA), a cell surface lipoprotein of
Borrelia burgdorferi, produced by recombinant technology; administered intramuscularly for active immunization against
lyme disease.
measles and rubella virus vaccine live a combination of live attenuated
measles and
rubella viruses, administered subcutaneously for simultaneous immunization against
measles and
rubella.
meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine a preparation of a capsular antigen of
Neisseria meningitidis, administered subcutaneously to provide immunity to
meningitis.
pertussis vaccine a preparation of killed
Bordetella pertussis bacilli (whole-cell vaccine) or of purified antigenic components thereof (acellular vaccine), used to immunize against
pertussis; generally used in combination with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids (
DTP or
DTaP).
plague vaccine a preparation of killed
Yersinia pestis bacilli, administered intramuscularly as an active immunizing agent against
plague.
pneumococcal heptavalent conjugate vaccine a preparation of capsular polysaccharides from the seven serotypes of
Streptococcus pneumoniae most commonly isolated from children 6 years of age or younger, coupled to a nontoxic variant of
diphtheria toxin; used as an active immunizing agent for infants and children at risk for pneumococcal disease, administered intramuscularly.
pneumococcal vaccine polyvalent a preparation of purified capsular polysaccharides from the 23 serotypes of
Streptococcus pneumoniae causing the majority of pneumococcal disease; used as an active immunizing agent in persons over 2 years of age, administered intramuscularly.
poliovirus vaccine inactivated (IPV) a preparation of killed
polioviruses of three types, given in a series of intramuscular or subcutaneous injections to immunize against
poliomyelitis. It does not induce intestinal immunity and so is not effective for poliovirus eradication in areas where wild-type polioviruses still exist in large numbers. However, it does not cause vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis and so is preferred for routine immunization in areas where the risk of infection by a wild-type poliovirus is very low, as in the United States. Called also
Salk vaccine.
poliovirus vaccine live oral (OPV) an oral vaccine against
poliomyelitis consisting of three types of live, attenuated polioviruses. It is given orally, often on a sugar cube, and so is convenient for administration to children and large groups of people. It induces both humoral and intestinal immunity, so is useful for immunization and poliomyelitis eradication in areas where wild-type polioviruses have not been eradicated. However, it can cause vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis in persons newly vaccinated with it and their contacts, which is considered an unjustifiable risk in countries such as the United States, where the risk of exposure to wild-type polioviruses is very low. Thus, for routine immunization in the United States, it has been superseded by
poliovirus vaccine inactivated. Called also
Sabin vaccine.
polyvalent vaccine a vaccine prepared from cultures or antigens of more than one strain or species.
purified chick embryo cell vaccine an inactivated virus vaccine used for pre- and postexposure
rabies immunization, prepared from rabies virus grown in cultures of chicken fibroblasts; administered intramuscularly.
rabies vaccine adsorbed (RVA) a
rabies vaccine prepared from
rabies virus grown in cultures of fetal rhesus monkey lung and inactivated; administered intramuscularly.
rotavirus vaccine live oral a live virus vaccine produced from a mixture of four types of
rotavirus, used to immunize infants against rotaviral
gastroenteritis.
rubella and mumps virus vaccine live a combination of live attenuated
rubella and
mumps viruses, administered subcutaneously for simultaneous immunization against
rubella and
mumps.
subunit vaccine a vaccine produced from specific protein subunits of a virus and thus having less risk of adverse reactions than whole virus vaccines.
typhoid vaccine any of several preparations of
Salmonella typhi used for immunization against
typhoid fever, including a parenteral heat- and phenol-inactivated bacteria vaccine, an oral live vaccine prepared from the attenuated strain Ty21a, and a parenteral vaccine prepared from typhoid Vi capsular polysaccharide.
yellow fever vaccine a preparation of attenuated yellow fever virus, used to immunize against
yellow fever.
Miller-Keane Encyclopedia and Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing, and Allied Health, Seventh Edition. © 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.