Immunohistochemical (perilipin) and histologic (H and E) examination of samples showed better-maintained integrity of
adipocytes in fat grafts treated with topical curcumin, and less cellular infiltration, hemorrhage, cyst/vacuole formation, and more vascularization in both the early and the late period.
Perilipin A, a membrane protein located on
adipocyte lipid vacuoles, as well as CD31 and von Willebrand factor (vWF), both endothelial proteins, were evaluated as markers of cell specificity on day 0, 7, and 14 by immunofluorescence staining.
Knockout of IRX3 expression in mice caused an increase in uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) gene expression in white adipose cells which is an important factor of browning white
adipocytes.[2] However, contradictory results were found in this area.
Role of MAPK phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) in
adipocyte differentiation.
In accordance with previous findings, knockdown of XBP1 (Figure 3(b)) significantly impairs the differentiation of preadipocytes as demonstrated by oil accumulation (Figure 3(a)) as well as
adipocyte differentiation marker aP2 transcription (Figure 3(d)).
Spiegelman, "mPPAR gamma 2: tissue-specific regulator of an
adipocyte enhancer," Genes & Development, vol.
However, we found no difference in
adipocyte DIO2 gene expression between obese diabetic and nondiabetic patients in either SAT (3.11 [+ or -] 1.00 versus 3.01 [+ or -] 0.38, p = 0.465) or VAT (2.44 [+ or -] 0.33 versus 2.01 [+ or -] 0.81, p = 0.455) (Figure 1(d)).
Immunohistochemical staining of the signet ring cells demonstrated these cells to be negative for AE1/AE3, CD138, or Kreyberg staining while being positive for S-100 staining (Figures 1(e) and 1(f)); the immunoprofile was most consistent with atrophic
adipocytes rather than signet ring cell carcinoma.
Hinokitiol Inhibits the
Adipocyte Differentiation of MSCs through the AMPK Pathway.
In
adipocytes, whether TLR9/KLF4 plays an anti-inflammatory role in FFA-induced inflammatory response has not been reported.
In AT development, formation of new
adipocytes via differentiation of progenitor cells is intimately coupled to the ensuing expansion of
adipocytes (hypertrophy) via lipid accumulation; the enzymes and regulatory proteins responsible for lipid droplet (LD) formation are also markers of differentiation.