myopathy

[mi-op´ah-the]

any disease of a muscle. adj., adj myopath´ic.

centronuclear myopathy myotubular myopathy.

distal myopathy an autosomal dominant form of muscular dystrophy, appearing in two types. The first has onset in infancy, does not progress past adolescence, and is not incapacitating. The second has onset in adulthood and is called late distal hereditary myopathy. Called also distal muscular dystrophy.

glycolytic myopathy any metabolic myopathy resulting from a defect of glycolytic enzyme activity, marked by exercise intolerance and cramping, the accumulation of glycogen in muscle, and recurrent myoglobinuria.

late distal hereditary myopathy distal myopathy that sets in usually after age 40, does not affect life span and first affects the small muscles of the hands and feet and then spreads proximally.

metabolic myopathy myopathy due to disordered metabolism, usually caused by genetic defects or hormonal dysfunction.

mitochondrial myopathy any of a group of myopathies associated with an increased number of enlarged, often abnormal, mitochondria in muscle fibers, manifested by exercise intolerance, generalized weakness, lactic acidosis, infantile tetraparesis, ophthalmoplegia, and cardiac abnormalities.

myotubular myopathy a form marked by myofibers resembling the myotubules of early fetal muscle.

nemaline myopathy a congenital abnormality of myofibrils in which small threadlike fibers are scattered through the muscle fibers; marked by hypotonia and proximal muscle weakness.

ocular myopathy a slowly progressive form affecting the extraocular muscles, with ptosis and progressive immobility of the eyes.

mi·to·chon·dri·al my·op·a·thy

[MIM*251900]

weakness and hypotonia of muscles, primarily those of the neck, shoulder, and pelvic girdles, with onset in infancy or childhood; on biopsy, giant bizarre mitochondria are seen located between muscle fibrils just beneath the sarcolemma. There are autosomal dominant [MIM*251900] and recessive forms due to deletions or duplications of mitochondrial DNA, with one recessive form [MIM*252010] associated with a deficiency of complex I of the mitochondrial respiratory chain.

Farlex Partner Medical Dictionary © Farlex 2012

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References in periodicals archive

In a study including 8 patients with pathogenic mtDNA mutations, no RRFs or COX deficiency was found.[11] A previous study indicated that 9 of the 31 mtDNA mutation participants had mitochondrial myopathy pathology.[23] In our study, RRFs or subsarcolemmal mitochondrial proliferation and the muscle fibers with reduced or completely absent COX activity were found in only 3 patients with biopsied ages after 9 years, none in patients with early onset.

Clinical, Neuroimaging, and Pathological Analyses of 13 Chinese Leigh Syndrome Patients with Mitochondrial DNA Mutations

Although 30% of cases of mitochondrial myopathy showed LGE, the MRI in our case revealed no significant findings in contrast to a previous study [2].

Mitochondrial Cardiomyopathy Presenting as Dilated Phase of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Diagnosed with Histological and Genetic Analyses

[10-12] The nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors may cause a mitochondrial myopathy with the diagnostic ragged red fibres on muscle histology.

Meeting the challenges in the diagnosis of inflammatory myopathies

Mitochondrial myopathy presenting as fibromyalgia: a case report.

Fibromyalgia

Aerobic training is safe and improves exercise capacity in patients with mitochondrial myopathy. Brain 2006; 129: 3402-3412, doi: 10.1093/brain/awl149.

Effect of L-carnitine on exercise performance in patients with mitochondrial myopathy

(2.) DiMauro S, Mitochondrial Myopathy, Curr Opin Rheumatol 2006: 18: 636-641.

Evaluation of plasma lactate concentration in unexplained myopathies with multi-organ involvement

Seth is autistic and physically disabled due to the rare condition mitochondrial myopathy, which can cause muscular and neurological problems, and was only diagnosed two years ago.

MUM AND HER SON: A LOVE IN PICTURES; Moving and revealing photographs reveal the extraordinary Sol and Seth

In the ADOA and ADOA plus phenotypes, muscle biopsies often do not reveal hallmarks of mitochondrial myopathy, whereas investigation by phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy demonstrated defective oxidative metabolism and a reduced rate of ATP synthesis in skeletal muscle [16, 89, 90].

Mitochondrial fusion proteins and human diseases

Myopathies may occur as part of an HIV myopathy, AZT - and d4T-induced mitochondrial myopathy, or secondary myopathies (due to OIs or lymphoma).

Neurological complications of HIV/AIDS in childhood: the neurological complications of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)/acquired immunodeficiency disease (AIDS) contribute significantly to the morbidity of HIV infection in the paediatric age group

Mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS syndrome) is a rare, multi-system disorder caused by deficient production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) due to mitochondrial dysfunction (1).

Neuraxial anaesthesia in MELAS syndrome

Linda Slocombe, 53, of Pontypridd, has mitochondrial myopathy, which can cause muscle weakness, muscle cramping, fatigue, lack of endurance and poor balance.

People with muscle-wasting diseases 'are being let down' DOCTORS KNOW LITTLE ABOUT CONDITION, CLAIMS CHARITY