The classical signs of MMI consist of contralateral hemiparesis, lemniscal sensory loss, ipsilateral lingual palsy1 and contralateral pharyngeal palsy.2 Patients with bilateral MMI syndrome often present with
tetraparesis, bilateral loss of deep sensation, dysphagia and speech difficulties.
In advanced stages
tetraparesis or spastic paraparesis and contractures may develop (6).
Swimming puppy syndrome--also known as swimmer syndrome, flat pup syndrome, splay leg (paraparesis), splay weak (
tetraparesis), and myofibrillar hypoplasia--is one of the musculoskeletal disorders in puppies [1].
Physical examination was notable for flaccid
tetraparesis, decreased deep tendon reflexes, with sparing of the facial, oropharyngeal and respiratory muscles.
Italian uclear physicist Fulvio Frisone is disabled, suffering from spastic dystonic
tetraparesis that forced him to a wheelchair.
Other additional neurological manifestations included
tetraparesis, hemiparesis, cranial nerve involvements and cerebellar findings.
* Complete
tetraparesis can be secondary to muscle pathology
These findings included: hypertonia
tetraparesis (the muscle tone was more rigid than spastic), coarse tremor, and extensor leg posture (dystonic movements).