Epiregulin and EGFR interactions are involved in pain processing.
Moreover, the interactions between KDM2A and BCOR can inhibit osteogenesis by suppressing
epiregulin (EREG) gene transcription, which is required for the expression of osterix (OSX) and distalless homeobox 5 (DLX5) [52].
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) has shown promise in animal models and early human studies, promoting cumulus cell expansion [52], and recombinant epidermal growth factor has been added with success to some culture systems [53] as well as its family members amphiregulin and
epiregulin showing promise in terms of maturation rates and embryo developmental capacity to the day two to three stage [54].
According to Missiaglia and colleagues [28], microsatellite instable-high (MSI) and BRAF mutation were predominate among proximal (right-sided) tumours, while distal cancers (left-sided) were characterised by chromosome instable, high expression of
epiregulin, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) amplification [24, 29, 30].
The LH stimulation induces a transient sequential expression of epidermal growth factors such as amphiregulin,
epiregulin and betacellulin.
For example, the following genes exhibited statistically significant (P<05) modulation early in Zone I and late in Zone II: CDH5, PECAM-1, SERPINF1, TGFBR1, Endothelial cell growth factor-1 (Ecgfl), Endothelial PAS domain protein-1 (Epasl),
Epiregulin (Ereg), Interleukin 12a (1112a), Integrin aV (Itgav), Nudix-type motif 6n (Nudt6), and Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member-12 (Tnfsfl2).
Epiregulin belongs to the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family and is produced as a result of activation of nuclear factor jB pathway(NF-jB) which is stimulated by TLR4 (Figure 3).
On the other hand, proliferative or synthetic SMCs show altered protein expression including increased expression of low-molecular weight caldesmon (l-caldesmon), c-fos, Egr-1,
epiregulin, and SMemb MHC (Sobue et al.