Even thoughstage 4 renal failure was determined just after the operation, the level of the
azotemia was decreased to stage 3 due to proper treatment.
None had
azotemia. Urine culture reports were available for all patients; four patients had growth of gram-negative organisms (two Escherichia coli and two Proteus mirabilis).
He had severe thrombocytopenia (4,000 platelets/[micro]L); mild anemia (hemoglobin level 88 g/L); increased levels of aminotransferases (aspartate aminotransferase 282 U/L, alanine aminotransferase 489 U/L), lactate dehydrogenase (1,041 U/L [reference range 105 U/L-333 U/L]), D-dimer (6,311 ng/ mL [reference range 10 ng/mL-250 ng/mL]), C-reactive protein (237.8 mg/dL [reference range 0 mg/dL-10 mg/ dL]), and creatinine (2.6 mg/dL [reference range 0.6 mg/ dL-1.2 mg/dL]); and
azotemia (blood urea nitrogen level 150 mg/dL [reference range 7 mg/dL-20 mg/dL]).
Unilateral post-obstructive
azotemia clinically manifests as a progressive disease syndrome producing diverse irreversible derangements in renal dynamics.
Majority of patients showed pre-renal
azotemia which improved within 48 to 72 hours of hospitalization.
The diagnosis was supported by long duration of Diabetes, evidence of target organ damage, proteinuria preceeding
azotemia.
Hepatorenal syndrome is renal failure induced by severe hepatic injury and char acterized by
azotemia and decreased renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate.
This failure of body to maintain the balance results in uremia or
azotemia (retention of urea and other nitrogenous wastes in the blood).
Two patients died due to uncontrollable severe hypotension with shock; one individual had severe sequestration of fluid in the third spaces and the other had severe uncontrollable gastrointestinal bleeding (INR>2.5) with prerenal
azotemia. Two patients died due to ARDS with type 2 respiratory failure.
In neonates with
azotemia or obstructive cases urgent urological support was taken from department of urology; Institute of Kidney Diseases Hayatabad Peshawar for definitive surgery.
In addition, patients with raised urea (> 50 mg%) and creatinine levels (< 3 mg/dl), which subsequently improved without any specific intervention, were defined as having prerenal
azotemia. Hyponatremia and hypernatremia were defined as serum sodium < 130 meq/l and > 150 meq/l, respectively.
Exceeding the normal values of creatinine and urea in blood and plasma was regarded as hypercreatininemia and
azotemia, respectively.