Arthur et al first reported the link between BK
viruria and hemorrhagic cystitis, noting that BK
viruria frequently preceded the onset of hematuria.
BK virus (BKV) urine protocols and DNA extraction methods for quantitative detection of BK
viruria in kidney transplant patients Comparative study of seven 2014 Bali et al.
The incidence of hemorrhagic cystitis and BK
viruria in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell recipients according to intensity of the conditioning regimen.
Subsequent postoperative course was also complicated by BK
viruria, which resolved following reduction of IS dosage.
Pregnant women who were Zika virus positive by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) (6) were monitored by a multidisciplinary medical team at the Crianca e Maternidade Teaching Hospital in Sao Jose do Rio Preto, and
viruria levels in urine were measured until delivery.
Evaluation of different urine protocols and DNA extraction methods for quantitative detection of BK
viruria in kidney transplant patients.
Reactivation and replication occur in immunocompromised patients such as transplant recipients, resulting in
viruria. When replication is aggressive, BKV viremia emerges due to injured renal epithelial cells.
The significance of renal C4d staining in patients with BK
viruria, viremia, and nephropathy.
Median time for occurrence of
viruria was 6.1 months and median time for occurrence of viremia was 4.9 months.
While there has been an increased recognition of the BK virus among the transplant community, and varying algorithms have been designed to alter immunosuppressant medications in an attempt to decrease the rates of BK
viruria and viremia, there has been limited progress in reducing renal graft loss from BK virus associated nephropathy (Kuypers, 2012).
Approximately 30%, 11-13%, and 8% of kidney transplant recipients develop BK
viruria, viremia, and BK virus associated nephropathy (BKVAN), respectively [1-3].
Asymptomatic carriage of adenovirus is common in HIV- infected persons [12]; asymptomatic
viruria occurs in up to 20% of persons with HIV/AIDS [13]; and asymptomatic adenoviremia has been reported in children who are HIV- seropositive [12].
