valence electron

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va·lence e·lec·tron

one of the electrons that take part in chemical reactions of an atom.

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We attribute the different doping of phosphorene to the compatible electronegativity of doping atoms: Li, Na, and Cu have smaller electronegativity than P and can denote their valence electron to phosphorene.

Realization of N-Type Semiconducting of Phosphorene through Surface Metal Doping and Work Function Study

From Table 2, the electronic configuration of vanadium in the oxido complex is given as [core]4[s.sup.0.27]3[d.sup.3.74]4[p.sup.0.49],17.97 2 core electrons, 4.5023 valence electrons, and 0.07505 Rydberg electrons.

Theoretical Study of Terminal Vanadium(V) Chalcogenido Complexes Bearing Chlorido and Methoxido Ligands

(75) This is because such low-energy electrons cannot excite the valence electrons of water and hence interact only with phonons.

Visualization of chemical reaction dynamics: toward understanding complex polyatomic reactions

Akiba (emeritus, chemistry, Hiroshima U.) presents a concise account of the organic chemistry of elements of groups 15, 16, and 17 bearing unshared electron pair(s), and elements of groups 1, 2, and 12-18 in which valence electrons reside in sp orbitals.

Organo main group chemistry

Or, perhaps, for chemistry buffs willing to take their valence electrons with a touch of whimsy.--Daniel Strain Ecco, 2011, 428 p., $29.99

Periodic Tales

(18) This oxygen free radical has to reestablish its balance and form an octet (an atom with eight valence electrons), so it steals a neighboring electron from other natural proteins in your skin to regain stability.

Optimal skin protection with vitamin D

The section on charge distributions looks at such topics as core and valence electrons, the valence region of molecules, and charges and ionization potentials.

Atomic charges, bond properties, and molecular energies

By contrast, traditional polymers, such as polyethylene and polypropylene, are essentially made up of [sigma]-bonds where all valence electrons are bound in fully saturated chemical bonds ([sp.sup.3] orbitals), and as a result there are no mobile electrons that can participate actively in electron transport (electrical conduction).

Conducting polymers: smart materials with nanotechnology applications: polymers have traditionally been thought of as nonconductors of electricity. This perspective, however, has now changed with the introduction of plastics that exhibit conductive behaviour similar to that of metals and semiconductors

Elemental halogens have seven valence electrons and are very reactive.

Halogens and halides: a gearhead's guide to some of the chemicals that make up our boards

The positronium annihilation contributes to less momentum than the positron annihilation with valence electrons which is the dominant effect in Boise sandstone.

Studies of superlattice structure of opals as compared to other rocks by use of positron annihilation, x-ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscopy methods

The metal's atoms (smallest units of an element) bind with carbon's four valence electrons (electrons in an atom's outer shell) to make a fuel ingredient.