in addition to the first indication, the
urinary stasis and renal impairment were also a factor.
Because physiologic changes associated with pregnancy encourage
urinary stasis, there is an increased risk of progression to acute pyelonephritis with the potential for serious infectious complications, even in pregnant women who are otherwise healthy.
Hormonal and mechanical changes increase the risk of
urinary stasis and vesicouretral reflex.
Most urethral stones are associated with abnormalities that predispose individuals to
urinary stasis and infections, such as strictures, lower urinary tract surgery, congenital or acquired diverticula, chronic urinary infections, foreign bodies, and schistosomiasis.
BPH,
urinary stasis, urinary infection and catheterization are the most common causes.
This loss in tone, along with the increased urinary tract volume, results in
urinary stasis.
Urinary stasis and the presence of vesicoureteral reflux in some women predispose them to upper urinary tract infection and acute pyelonephritis.3
Symptoms or complications related to bladder diverticula are most often due to poor emptying of the diverticulum and
urinary stasis. This patient presented with chronic retention due to bladder neck obstruction by the diverticulum, which was extending behind the trigone and impinging on the bladder neck.
A - Neurogenic bladder develops in MS due to muscle weakness; incomplete emptying results in
urinary stasis with bacterial proliferation (Lauer, 2004; Porth, 2007).
Susceptibility to infection increases in the presence of abnormal bladder emptying with
urinary stasis, increased bladder pressure and distention, vesicoureteral reflux, frequent instrumentation, and poor personal hygiene.
Incomplete bladder emptying with
urinary stasis is probably the leading cause of UTI in people with MS.