toll-like receptor


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Toll-like receptor

(tōl′līk′)
n.
Any of a class of proteins that are located within membranes, often on the cell surface, and are an important part of the innate immune system. Toll-like receptors recognize and bind to pathogens or to fragments resulting from cell damage and then activate biochemical pathways that generate an immune response.
The American Heritage® Medical Dictionary Copyright © 2007, 2004 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

toll-like receptor

Abbreviation: TLR
Any of several receptors on macrophages and other immune and endothelial cells that reacts with pathogen components such as bacterial peptidoglycan or lipopolysaccharide. Activation of a receptor stimulates release of cytokines and other chemical signals that are part of innate immunity.
See also: receptor
Medical Dictionary, © 2009 Farlex and Partners
References in periodicals archive ?
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are proteins that are fundamental in the induction of the immune system and inflammatory reaction.
Circulating high mobility group box-1 and toll-like receptor 4 expressions increase the risk and severity of epilepsy
Impact of Toll-like receptor 4 polymorphisms on risk of cancer.
Toll-like receptor 2 and 4 polymorphisms associated with Helicobacter pylori susceptibility and gastric cancer
B and T lymphocyte attenuator inhibits LPS-induced endotoxic shock by suppressing Toll-like receptor 4 signaling in innate immune cells.
The Influence of Intravenous Lipopolysaccharide Injection on TLR4 Transcription Levels in Duck (Anas domestica) Liver, Spleen and Bursa of Fabricius
Barrett et al., "Control of toll-like receptor 7 expression is essential to restrict autoimmunity and dendritic cell proliferation," Immunity, vol.
TNIP1 in Autoimmune Diseases: Regulation of Toll-like Receptor Signaling
Medzhitov, "Toll-like receptor signaling pathways," Science, vol.
Natural Products with Toll-Like Receptor 4 Antagonist Activity
Seki, "Toll-like receptor 2 and palmitic acid cooperatively contribute to the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis through inflammasome activation in mice," Hepatology, vol.
Gut Microbiota as a Driver of Inflammation in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Gene expression of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) (a) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) (b) measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in COPD (smokers (n = 73), nonsmokers (n = 28)) and control group (smokers (n = 33) and nonsmokers (n = 68)).
Expression of Toll-like Receptor 2 and 4 in Peripheral Blood Neutrophil Cells from Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Discovery and development of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) antagonists: A new paradigm for treating sepsis and other diseases.
Pharmacological Inhibition of Macrophage Toll-like Receptor 4/Nuclear Factor-kappa B Alleviates Rhabdomyolysis-induced Acute Kidney Injury
Impaired Toll-like receptor 2-mediated Thl and Thl7/22 cytokines secretion in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with atopic dermatitis.
Lack of Association Between Toll-like Receptor 2 Polymorphisms (R753Q and A-16934T) and Atopic Dermatitis in Children from Thrace Region of Turkey
Masini-Repiso, "Functional toll-like receptor 4 conferring lipopolysaccharide responsiveness is expressed in thyroid cells," Endocrinology, vol.
Association of Polymorphisms in Toll-Like Receptors 4 and 9 with Autoimmune Thyroid Disease in Korean Pediatric Patients
Wu et al., "Toll-like receptor 4 promotes tubular inflammation in diabetic nephropathy," Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, vol.
Ginkgolide B Suppresses TLR4-Mediated Inflammatory Response by Inhibiting the Phosphorylation of JAK2/STAT3 and p38 MAPK in High Glucose-Treated HUVECs
Forrest et al., "Alternate transcription of the Toll-like receptor signaling cascade," Genome Biology, vol.
Identification and Characterization of a Splicing Variant in the 5' UTR of the Human TLR5 Gene
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