Any substance added to a liquid to increase its viscosity without substantially altering its other properties (e.g., taste, clarity) or its responses to chemical (e.g., altered pH) or physical conditions (e.g., low temperatures).
In order to assess the effect of thickener concentration on onset/end temperature and phase change heat absorption capacity during the phase change process, the thermal analysis was conducted in different cases of 0, 3, and 5 wt% sodium alginates, while the latent heat of melting process and onset/ end temperature was measured with a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), using measuring temperature range from -25 to 5[degrees]C and constant heating rates of 2 K-min-1.