The drug is
suramin, a century-old medicine for sleeping sickness.
The treatment results showed that
Suramin was the most effective drug curing 75% Trypanosomiasis cases, Isometamidium chloride and Diminazine di aceturate cured 50% and 37.5%, respectively.
The mice were randomly divided into four groups (n = 3 ~ 5 mice) as follows: (i) mice sensitized with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and challenged with OVA (control group); (ii) mice sensitized with OVA plus LPS and challenged with OVA (asthma group); (iii) mice sensitized with OVA plus LPS and treated with 20 [micro]L PBS at 30 min before the same challenge with OVA (vehicle group); and (iv) mice sensitized with OVA plus LPS and treated with
suramin (Sigma-Aldrich) at 30 min before the same challenge with OVA (
suramin group).
The inhibition by the treatments with
suramin (P2-receptor antagonist, 100 [micro]M), apyrase (ATP-hydrolyzing enzyme, 20 U/mL), and CBX (hemichannel blocker, 100 [micro]M) suggested the contribution of ATP signaling in this process.
brucei Mb1 4 31 13 Mb2 >64 >64 32 Mb3 16 34 >64 Chloroquine 0.047 [micro]M
Suramin 0.035 [micro]M Benznidazole 2.0 [micro]M MRC-5 Fractions [IC.sub.50] ([micro]g/ml) Mb1 32 Mb2 >64 Mb3 33 Chloroquine
Suramin Benznidazole Table 2: Baseline characteristics of enrolled patients on day 0.
Prevention of muscle fibrosis and myonecrosis in mdx mice by
suramin, a TGF-[beta]1 blocker.
(+)-Lichesterinic acid 3 isolated from Cetraria islandica has a significant inhibitory activity on the growth of Trypanosoma brucei with an MIC value of 6.30 [micro]M compared to
suramin (MIC = 10 [micro]M) as a positive reference (Igoli et al.
Two matriptase activation inducers such as lysophospholipid-derivative, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), and polyanionic compound,
suramin, were found to act cell-type specifically [13].
Suramin inhibits bFGF induced endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis in the chick chorioallantoic membrane.
Anti-adhering and anti-migratory compounds ilomastat (a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor), naphtyl urea
suramin, [44] salmosin (a disintegrin), [45] mibefradil (Ca- channel inhibitor), [46] RGD peptide, EDTA, [47] and coating an acrylic IOL surface with MPC polymer; [48]
Another well-known drug,
suramin, has been medically used for the treatment of African sleeping sickness since early 20th century and is an ATP mediator.
Naviaux, MD tested the effect of
suramin, used to treat trypanosomiasis or African sleeping sickness, a parasitic disease and found that
suramin blocked the extracellular signaling pathway used by ATP and other mitokines in a mouse model of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), ending the cell danger response and related inflammation.
