Kirk, Hay-McCutcheon, Sehgal, & Miyamoto (2000) examined the effect of lexical difficulty (lexically easy and difficult words), talker variability (single male speaker and multiple speakers), and word length (monosyllabic and multisyllabic words) on
spoken word recognition by children (5 years and older) with cochlear implants.
When words compete: Levels of processing in
spoken word recognition. Psychological Science, 9, 325-329.
"The traditional
spoken word recognition format has been used to determine the need for some sensory aids, such as hearing aids, which are used to amplify sound," Kirk explains.
However, since most of the research in phonetic mismatch and its effects in
spoken word recognition has focused on consonants, the effects of feature distance in vocalic mismatches have to be inferred from the findings on consonantal segments (Connine 1994; Connine et al.
Dynamic programming algorithm optimization for
spoken word recognition. IEEE Transactions on ASSP 26, 1 (1978), 43-49.
(In fact, this video provides a most instructive contrast between the two patients.) As Clive can read common words of low imageability (including function words), he must have a direct pathway between the lexical systems responsible for visual word recognition and
spoken word recognition, in addition to the lexical-semantic reading route used by Jim.