secondary thickening

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Fig. 277 Secondary thickening . Secondary thickening in a typical dicotyledon.

secondary thickening

secondary growth

the growth in the girth of stems and roots in DICOTYLEDONS produced by division of the secondary MERISTEM, resulting in woody tissues. The growth begins by the formation of a continuous cambial ring. In stems there is already a fascicular cambium between the xylem and phloem of the vascular bundles which becomes joined up by interfascicular cambium. The xylem tissues become divided into an inner heartwood (dead) and an outer SAPWOOD.Secondary thickening can sometimes occur in herbaceous ANGIOSPERMS but is usually associated with woody types producing, for example, a stem which tapers in an upward direction. MONOCOTYLEDONS do not carry out secondary thickening. See Fig. 277 .In roots, a cambial ring is produced from parenchymatous cells between the XYLEM and PHLOEM.

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the thickening ring (Scott & Brebner, 1893), the Etagencambium (Schoute, 1902), the meristematic zone (Arber, 1925), the secondary thickening meristem (Clowes, 1961), the anomalous cambium (Stone, 1970), the vascular cambium (Zimmermann & Tomlinson, 1970, 1972), the accessory cambium (Rastogi, 2009), the cambium-like zone (Beck, 2010) and the monocot cambium (Carlquist, 2012), as well as (b) to the meristem producing secondary protective tissues, e.

Here, the meristem will be named as secondary thickening meristem (STM) or the monocot cambium, as these two terms most frequently appear in the current literature.

Lateral meristems responsible for secondary growth of the monocotyledons: a survey of the state of the art

diversifolia, secondary thickening is essentially due more to the activity of strips of meristems within the vascular bundles than those within the interfascicular areas.

Ogunkunle,: Anatomy and Secondary Thickening Pattern of the Stem in

Anatomy and secondary thickening pattern of the stem in Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl) a gray

In a field situation, this should be a minor problem since the vast majority of fine roots never develop significant secondary thickening.

Accuracy of visible and ultraviolet light for estimating live root proportions with minirhizotrons