The main component of rosin is the mixture of C20 monocarboxylic diterpenic
resin acids including the abietic-type acids and pymaric-type acid, and percentage of these
resin acids in the rosin is ca.
Some authors attribute the genotoxic effects mainly to
resin acids (abietic and dehydroabietic acid; Fernandez et al., 2007) and sterols (Lehtinen et al., 1999) contained in the kraft mill effluents.
The relative density, growth rate, and chemical composition of the extractives (fatty and
resin acids, nitrogen, and reducing sugar contents) were determined.
The normal products of wood include tannins,
resin acids. stillbenes, and lignin among other compounds.
Natural
resin acids present in rosin of Pinus spez., including isopimaric acid (1), mercusis acid (2), neoabietic acid (3), dehydroabietic acid (4), and podocarpic acid (8), as well as
resin acid derivatives [beta], 9 [alpha], 13 [alpha]-H-tetrahydroabietic acid (5), 8 [alpha], 9 [alpha], 13[alpha],-H-terahydroabietic acid (6), 13 [alpha],-H-[delta] (8) -dihydroabietic acid (7), maleopimaric acid (9), and fumaropimaric acid (10), were studied for their possible inhibitory effects on Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-Ea) activation induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorabol-13-acetate (TPA).
In addition to lignin, the ethanol used to obtain it is recovered and recycled; furfural, acetic acid, valuable extractives (
resin acids, terpenes, fatty acids, phytosterols) are isolated; and the cellulose and hexose sugars derived from hemicellulose are subjected to enzymatic conversion/fermentation to fuel ethanol.
Examples include carrageenan from kelp, biodiesel from vegetable oils, and
resin acids from the "extractives" of trees.
Using the previously described laboratory scale reactors, single-stage UV degradation, single-stage biological degradation, and two-stage UV-biological degradation schemes were evaluated and compared for rate of degradation, degree of mineralization, and residual concentration of the target
resin acids. The results indicate that photolysis by either UV254 or broad band UV/vis radiation is a powerful degradation method for the target compounds and also is an effective pre-treatment method for
resin acid biodegradation.
In alkaline conditions, such as in kraft pulping, the triglycerides are completely saponified, and the free fatty acids and
resin acids are dissolved, but sterols and some steryl esters and waxes do not form soluble soap and tend to deposit and cause pitch problems.
Composed mainly of cellulose, polyoses, and lignin, wood dust may contain a variety of nonpolar organic extractives (fatty acids,
resin acids, waxes, alcohols, terpenes, sterols, steryl esters, and glycerols), polar organic extractives (tannins, flavonoids, quinones, and lignans), and water-soluble extractives (carbohydrates, alkaloids, proteins, and inorganic material) (20).
Spruce sawdust contained considerably lower amounts of fatty and
resin acids than pine.
Many acetone soluble polar components, including oxidized
resin acids, also are important to pulp and papermaking and can be readily assayed using gas chromatography.