POP
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Adverse effects on health—peer-reviewed data: Carbonation is associated with dental erosion, osteoporosis, increased risk of fractures, and kidney stones; the sweeteners are linked to obesity and increased risk of type 2 diabetes
POP
noun Orthopedics Plaster of Paris, gypsum verb Drug slang Pop To subcutaneously inject heroin or other substance of abuseprolapse
(pro'laps?) [L. prolapsus, a falling forward]iris prolapse
lumbar disk prolapse
Herniated disk.mitral valve prolapse
Abbreviation: MVPIn patients without evidence of mitral regurgitation, there are usually no symptoms, but in some patients, nonanginal chest pain, palpitations, dyspnea, and fatigue may be present. On auscultation, there may be a murmur at the apex that is present during all of systole (holosystolic). Sometimes only a midsystolic click and late systolic murmur are heard.
Treatment
Simple prolapse requires no therapy, and most MVP patients have an excellent prognosis and live a normal life. However, if mitral regurgitation is present on physical examination or echocardiogram, antibiotic prophylaxis is indicated during surgical and dental procedures. If heart failure caused by severe mitral regurgitation develops, surgical repair of the valve is helpful.
pelvic organ prolapse
Abbreviation: POPSymptoms
Symptoms include a sensation of pelvic pressure, groin pain, coital difficulty, sacral backache, bloody vaginal discharge, difficult bowel movements, and urinary frequency, urgency, or incontinence.
Prophylaxis
Preventive measures include treatment of chronic respiratory disorders or constipation, estrogen replacement for menopausal women, weight control, smoking cessation, avoidance of strenuous occupational or recreational stresses to the pelvic support system, and pelvic muscle exercise to strengthen the pelvic diaphragm.
Treatment
Treatment may be nonsurgical (such as use of a vaginal pessary) or surgical, including reconstructive operations, vaginal hysterectomy, and cystocele or rectocele repair.
prolapse of the rectum
prolapse of the umbilical cord
prolapse of the uterus
Etiology
This condition may be congenital or acquired; most often it is acquired. The etiological factors are congenital weakness of the uterine supports and injury to the pelvic floor or to the uterine supports during childbirth.
Symptoms
The condition is most often seen following instrumental deliveries or when the patient has been allowed to bear down during labor before the cervix is fully dilated. Frequently associated with this is a prolapse of the anterior and posterior vaginal walls, as seen in cystocele and rectocele. In the early stages there are dragging sensations in the lower abdomen, back pain while standing and on exertion, a sensation of weight and bearing down in the perineum, and frequency of urination and incontinence of urine in cases associated with cystocele. In the later stages, a protrusion or swelling at the vulva is noticed on standing or straining, and leukorrhea is present. In procidentia, there is frequently pain on walking, an inability to urinate unless the mass is reduced, and cystitis.
Treatment
The treatment depends on the age of the patient, the degree of prolapse, and the associated pathology. Abdominal surgery with fixation of the uterus is required if the prolapse is complete.
pelvic organ prolapse
Abbreviation: POPSymptoms
Symptoms include a sensation of pelvic pressure, groin pain, coital difficulty, sacral backache, bloody vaginal discharge, difficult bowel movements, and urinary frequency, urgency, or incontinence.
Prophylaxis
Preventive measures include treatment of chronic respiratory disorders or constipation, estrogen replacement for menopausal women, weight control, smoking cessation, avoidance of strenuous occupational or recreational stresses to the pelvic support system, and pelvic muscle exercise to strengthen the pelvic diaphragm.
Treatment
Treatment may be nonsurgical (such as use of a vaginal pessary) or surgical, including reconstructive operations, vaginal hysterectomy, and cystocele or rectocele repair.