Areas of the tissues were obtained as follows: the adaxial surface of the epidermis, the abaxial surface of the epidermis, the chlorophyll parenchyma, the sum of the
phloem areas, the average
phloem area in one vascular bundle, the sum of the areas of the vascular bundle sheaths, the sum of the areas of the vascular bundles, the sum of the areas of the xylem, the average xylem area in one vascular bundle, the sum of the area of fibers, the average fiber area in one vascular bundle, and the whole leaf area captured in the image using square micrometers as the measurement unit.
The sucrose available for exporting from mesophyll cells is transported through the
phloem to the sink organs, where it can be stored as starch in amyloplasts or converted to hexoses (LEMOINE et al., 2013) by invertase (acidic and neutral isoforms) and sucrose synthase (susy) enzymes (STURM; TANG, 1999; WINTER; HUBER, 2000; WELHAM et al., 2009).
Phloem-sucking insects, with long stylets, induce
phloem hypertrophy (Figs.
Branch girdling blocks the
phloem flow, making it more nutritive for offspring and future colonizers.
Collection of pure
phloem sap from wheat and its chemical composition.
They showed that in contrast to the late stage, during this early stage young
phloem cells (protophloem) are initiating and organising the primary (procambial) stage of radial growth.
There were large, small, and discontinuous sclerenchyma bunches, 3 or 6 rows in secondary
phloem of V.
Furthermore, in the cultivar Revolucion, Finetti Sialer (1990) observed that during the expansion of the feeding site, adjacent
phloem cells were displaced or incorporated into the syncytium.
(2016) found AM-fungi did not reduce density of a
phloem feeder (aphid).
Infection by GLRaVs is limited to the
phloem, (11) and results in the degeneration of primary
phloem tissues in shoots, leaves, and clusters.
Veins are collateral, with the xylem located upper side and
phloem located lower side.
In mature sugarcane stems, sucrose transport follows a predominantly symplastic movement when moving from the
phloem into the storage parenchyma cells (Lingle, 1989; Rae et al., 2005; Patrick et al., 2013).