paracellular

(păr″ă-sĕl′ū-lĭr) [″ + ″]

Pertaining to pathways or junctions between or around cells. It is used for ions that pass through an epithelial membrane without entering its cells.

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Faced with high resistance of enterocyte plasma membranes, dissolved material flow is via the paracellular route and TJs are the basic obstacle to this route.

Decreased levels of serum zonulin and copeptin in chronic Hepatitis-B patients

It has also been reported that elevated levels of ICAM-1 are associated with the disturbance of the actin cytoskeleton, thereby affecting paracellular permeability and producing gaps in the cell junctions (33), which might facilitate the invasion of bacteria.

Evaluation of Serum Circulating Levels of ICAM-1 as Tuberculosis Risk-assessment Factor in Type 2 Diabetes Patients

Breaches in the GI barrier systems that potentiate paracellular systemic uptake of macromolecules may be associated with insufficiency dysbiosis, chronic stress, caloric deprivation and low fiber diets, direct adhesion of any bacteria to GI endothelial cells, alcohol/pharmaceuticals/NSAIDS, environmental xenobiotics, inflammation, gluten, an energy dense "Western style diet, and excessive exercise with heat stress.

The Incredible Gastrointestinal Barrier System and Permeability: Laboratory Assessment and Insights for Intervention

The multistring nature of the junctions between adjacent cells in the freshwater fish gill presumably hinder paracellular diffusion of N[H.sub.4.sup.+] and apical [H.sup.+]-ATPase will not extrude N[H.sub.3].

Morfologia externa del pez parasito Paravandelliaphaneronema (Miles 1943) (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) observada mediante imagenes de microscopia electronico de barrido

Tight junctions (TJs) located between adjacent Type I epithelial cells are the primary barrier to paracellular transport.

Molecular Mechanisms of Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury

Tight junctions (TJs) are a junctional complex between epithelial cells sealing the paracellular space across the epithelia.

Tricellulin Expression and its Deletion Effects in the Endolymphatic Sac

The researchers found that CAGE significantly enhanced paracellular transport of insulin, protecting insulin from enzymatic degradation and interacting with the mucus layer, causing it to thin.

Oral Insulin Choline, Geranate Ionic Liquid Shows Promise; Significant, sustained decrease in blood glucose levels with low insulin doses of 3 to 10 U/kg

TJ is the most apical structure within the intercellular cleft, creating a paracellular barrier that is essential for survival of complex organisms.

Hypoxia-induced hyperpermeability of rat glomerular endothelial cells involves HIF-2[alpha] mediated changes in the expression of occludin and ZO-1

Chitosan could open the intercellular tight junctions and facilitate the paracellular transport of macromolecules; nano- and microparticles are suitable for controlled vaccine release (28,29).

In Vitro Characterization of Chitosan-Based Particles as Carrier of Influenza Viral Antigens

Transport experiments were performed using the paracellular marker sodium fluorescein (NaFlu) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) as a modulator of the tight junctions, according to (Elbert et al., 1999; Kuehn et al., 2016), with minor modifications.

Co-Culture of Human Alveolar Epithelial (hAELVi) and Macrophage (THP-1) Cell Lines

The ATP depletion induces the diminution of renal epithelial cells and increase of paracellular permeability.

Hyperuricemia Induces Wnt5a/Ror2 Gene Expression, Epithelial--Mesenchymal Transition, and Kidney Tubular Injury in Mice

structurally complex paracellular space which is partially lined by an

ENDOCARDIAL ENDOTHELIUM AS A BLOOD-HEART BARRIER/ENDOKARDNIENDOTEL KAO KRVNO-SRCANA BARIJERA