Imbalance between clinical and pathologic staging in the updated American Joint Commission Cancer staging system for human papillomavirus-positive
oropharyngeal cancer. J Clin Oncol.
Head and neck cancer in Australia between 1982 and 2005 show increasing incidence of potentially HPV-associated
oropharyngeal cancers. Br J Cancer.
Worldwide trends in incidence rates for oral cavity and
oropharyngeal cancers. J Clin Oncol 2013; 31: 4550-4559, doi: 10.1200/JCO.2013.50.3870.
Waterboer et al., "Predictors of
oropharyngeal cancer survival in Europe," Oral Oncology, vol.
Even though it is considered that the group of oral cancers and
oropharyngeal cancers are HPV associated, the role of HPV in oral cavity lesions requires further interpretation and higher level of care (8).
HPV-related oral and
oropharyngeal cancers can be harder to discover than tobacco-related cancers because the symptoms are not always obvious to the affected person, and may not be visible to dental or medical professionals.
In case of moderately differentiated SCC, 83.7% had oral cavity cancers and 85.7% had
oropharyngeal cancers. Maximum patients presented with early tumour staging, that is [T.sub.1] and [T.sub.2] (87.28%).
The next series of questions focused on HPV associated
oropharyngeal cancer and whether increased knowledge of the disease and its increasing incidence would influence providers' recommendation of the vaccine.
HPV is also associated with 91% of anal cancers, 85% of vaginal cancers, 69% of vulvar cancers and 72% of
oropharyngeal cancer cases.
There are other non-modifiable factors for
oropharyngeal cancer. Risk assessment takes all known risk factors into account.
Pfeiffer et al., "Human papillomavirus and rising
oropharyngeal cancer incidence in the United States," Journal of Clinical Oncology, vol.
Key words: Network analysis, HPV,
Oropharyngeal cancer, Puerto Rico,
