With so much potential and materials for end-
odontic success the fact still remains that clinicians are confronted with post-treatment diseases and com- plications.32 Therefore before commencing with any treatment; it is wise to fully consider all the various treatment options.33-34
It was concluded according to the frequency of extrusion based on the results that how easily end- odontic irrigants might cross the apical foramen and get in contact with the periradicular tissues.
Eradication of end- odontic infection by instru-mentation and irrigation solutions.
In both the cases the periapical lesions were fol- lowed up for 3 months after non-surgical orthograde re- treatment and due to persistent symptoms, end- odontic surgery was planned and carried out.
End- odontic surgery - Apicoectomy and Periapical curettage was done accordingly where indicated.
Fixed orth-
odontic appliances: principles and practices.
Patient's Perception Regarding Undergoing Orth-
odontic Treatment is shown in Figure 1
For an adult patient with a severe skeletal Class III malocclu- sion and a midline deviation, combined surgical-orth-
odontic therapy is often the treatment of choice be- cause of its satisfying outcome and stability.1 Camou- flage treatment is usually considered only for border- line patients.2,3 Case reports of nonsurgical treatment of mandibular asymmetries in nongrowing patients are rare because of the difficulty of reducing the skeletal asymmetry without growth.
Cephalometric radiogra- phy is a helpful aid in diagnosis, treatment planning and predicting treatment outcome in current orth-
odontic practice.1
Long term periodontal status after orth-
odontic treatment.
Coronal leakage is an important cause of failure in root canal treatment and justifies carrying out an orth-
odontic extrusion in cases of subgingival fracture, to bring subgingival margins supragingivally, whilst preserving the physiological periodontal attachment.11
All children who had previously undergone orth-
odontic treatment were excluded from this study.