Common manifestation of PPCM includes shortness of breath, paroxysmal
nocturnal dyspnea, cough, haemoptysis and chest pain.3
He woke up in the middle of the night, feeling like he was drowning (paroxysmal
nocturnal dyspnea).
When heart failure patients awaken in the night short of breath, they are said to have paroxysmal
nocturnal dyspnea.
A 20-year-old female previously healthy presented with symptoms of reduced effort tolerance and chest discomfort for four months without orthopnea or paroxysmal
nocturnal dyspnea. The electrocardiogram and blood investigations were within normal limits.
Some of the signs and symptoms, such as dyspnea, orthopnea, and paroxysmal
nocturnal dyspnea, are due to congestion, while some are due to lack of adequate cardiac output, including fatigue, weakness, and exercise intolerance.
Congestive heart failure can present with acutely worsening dyspnea and cough, but is also commonly associated with orthopnea and/or paroxysmal
nocturnal dyspnea. On physical examination, findings of volume overload such as pulmonary crackles, lower extremity edema, and elevated jugular venous pressure are additional signs that heart failure is present.
On admission, he developed increased
nocturnal dyspnea, leg edema, and nausea.
A 14-month-old male presented with 3 months of worsening paroxysmal
nocturnal dyspnea, with multiple sleep interruptions consisting of episodic respiratory distress, cyanosis, and coughing.
He denied any history of fever, cough, shortness of breath, abdominal pain, paroxysmal
nocturnal dyspnea, and weight loss.
Moreover, the patient had no paroxysmal
nocturnal dyspnea and orthopnea.
There is no associated dyspnea on exertion, paroxysmal
nocturnal dyspnea or palpitation.
Other exclusion criteria were as follows: heart dysfunction (symptoms of dyspnea, orthopnea, or paroxysmal
nocturnal dyspnea, accompanied by a left ventricular ejection fraction <40%); hypersensitivity to CM or BNP; end-stage renal failure; systolic blood pressure [less than or equal to] 100 mmHg before study drug infusion; CM administered within the past 7 days; BNP infusion within 1 month; administration of dopamine, N-acetyl-cysteine, sodium bicarbonate, and fenoldopam during the study.
