Bacterial agents commonly associated with the occurrence of placentitis include Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa as well as Leptospira spp and Nocardioform bacteria (Crossiella equi, Amycolatopsis spp and others).
Four different types of equine placentitis have been described according to the morphological lesions and suggested pathogenesis, namely ascending, focal mucoid (nocardioform), diffuse (haematogenous) and, less commonly, multifocal.
Goodfellow, "Numerical taxonomy of some
nocardioform bacteria," Journal of General Microbiology, vol.
Goodfellow, "Chemotaxonomic characters and classification of some
nocardioform bacteria," Journal of General Microbiology, vol.
Up to February 24, there have been 126 abortions this year caused by the condition known as nocardioform placentitis, compared with six last year and 40 in 2009.
The highest number of abortions caused by nocardioform placentitis was 144 in 1999, which represents around one per cent of the Kentucky mare population.
The
nocardioform actinomycetes and some of rhodococcus species have been used for cholesterol oxidase production.
2007), whereas Rhodococcus, a diverse-metabolizing
nocardioform actinomycete, is in turn able to use a wide range of hydrophobic compounds as a carbon source, such as hydrocarbons, chlorinated phenols, steroids and crude oil (Correa Bicca et al.
Gram staining showed gram-positive
nocardioform rods, and subculture on tryptic soy agar with 7% sheep blood yielded polymorphous colonies that sunk into the agar and showed filamentous growth.
Or, in their last month of pregnancy, the mares may be stricken with a disease called
nocardioform placentitis, causing weak or stillborn foals.
Several problematic filamentous bacteria like Microthrix parvicella and
nocardioforms. In WWTPs with nutrients removal (also biological phosphorous removal) Microthrix parvicella Filamentous n.d.
The determination of host range of bacteriophages against
nocardioforms is summarized in Table 3.