nitrosourea


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nitrosourea

 [ni-tro″so-u-re´ah]
any of a group of cell cycle phase nonspecific, lipid soluble biological alkylating agents, including carmustine, lomustine, semustine, and streptozocin; they cross the blood-brain barrier and are used as antineoplastic agents. Streptozocin is an antibiotic that contains a nitrosourea group and differs somewhat in action from the other three.

ni·tro·so·ur·e·a

(nī-trō'sō-ūr'ē-ă),
Alkylating agent used in the treatment of many neoplasms; an example is BCNU.

nitrosourea

/ni·tro·so·urea/ (ni-tro″so-u´re-ah) any of a group of lipid-soluble biological alkylating agents, including carmustine and lomustine, which cross the blood-brain barrier and are used as antineoplastic agents.

nitrosourea

[nītrō′sōyoo͡rē′ə]
one of a group of alkylating drugs used as antineoplastic drugs in the chemotherapy of brain tumors, multiple myeloma, Hodgkin's disease, adenocarcinomas, hepatomas, chronic leukemias, lymphomas, myelomas, and cancers of the breast and ovaries. They have been less successful in therapy for cancers of the lungs, head, neck, and GI tract. Like other alkylating agents, they have severe toxic effects, including bone marrow depression. Nausea and vomiting are almost always present. These drugs can cause fetal harm and should not be used during pregnancy. Carmustine and lomustine are typical examples of this group. See also alkylating agent.

nitrosourea

Oncology Any of a group of lipid-soluble alkylating anticancer drugs–carmustine–BCNU, lomustine–CCNU, which cross the blood-brain barrier, and are used to manage brain tumors

nitrosourea

any of a group of lipid-soluble biological alkylating agents, including carmustine and lomustine, which cross the blood-brain barrier and are used as antineoplastic agents.
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References in periodicals archive ?
Environmental triggers include viruses (Coxsackie, rubella, enterovirus), bovine milk proteins and nitrosourea.
PREVALENCE OF AUTOIMMUNE THYROID DISEASE AND THYROID DYSFUNCTION IN TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS--A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE BASED STUDY IN ASSAM MEDICAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL, DIBRUGARH, ASSAM
Other second-line options for patients with good performance status include high-dose interleukin-2 (not suitable for patients with inadequate organ reserve, poor performance status, or untreated or active brain metastases), biochemotherapy and cytotoxic agents (dacarbazine or temozolomide, and cisplatin or carboplatin, with or without vinblastine or nitrosourea, and IL-2 and interferon alfa-2b; paclitaxel, albumin-bound paclitaxel).
Melanoma guidelines revised: new agents drive update
Mechanism of comutagenesis of sodium arsenite with N- methyl-N- nitrosourea.
Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects of Arsenic on Primary Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines
Further, for the treatment of adult patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme concomitantly, Temozolomide Capsules are noted along the radiotherapy and also as maintenance treatment and for adult patients with refractory anaplastic astrocytoma who have intimate disease progression on a drug regimen containing nitrosourea and precarbazine.
India : SUN PHARMA receives approval from US FDA Nod for Generic Temodar
Each wafer contains the nitrosourea alkylating agent carmustine distributed in a biodegradable polymer matrix.
Eisai to Receive Japan Marketing Authorization Holder License from Nobelpharma for Antineoplastic Agent Gliadel 7.7mg Implant
The product is intended to treat adult patients that have been recently diagnosed with glioblastoma multiforme, concomitantly with radiotherapy and then as maintenance treatment and also refractory anaplastic astrocytoma patients whose disease has progressed on a drug regimen containing nitrosourea and procarbazine.
US launch of generic Temodar by Teva and Perrigo
DNA cross-linking and monoadduct repair in nitrosourea treated human tumor cells.
Insight into the DNA repair mechanism operating during cell cycle checkpoints in eukaryotic cells
STZ is a nitrosourea derivative isolated from streptomyces achromogenes.
Prevention of multiple low-dose streptozotocin (MLD-STZ) diabetes in mice by an extract from gum resin of Boswellia serrata (BE)
Combination of radiotherapy with alkylating agents such as bischloroethyl nitrosourea (BCNU) has shown a definite, though small increase in the survival of patients with anaplastic astrocytoma.
Optimizing radiotherapy of brain tumours by a combination of temozolomide & lonidamine
Because the combination of a nitrosourea and spinal cord irradiation made this patient more susceptible to bone marrow suppression, physicans planned to perform a complete blood count every 2 weeks.
Spinal metastasis in glioblastoma multiforme: a case study
In 1999 Temodar was granted accelerated approval for the treatment of adult patients with anaplastic astrocytoma (another form of brain cancer) in relapse after chemotherapy with nitrosourea and procarbazine.
Schering-Pluogh's Temodar gets additional indication for GBM
He and a team of researchers have developed a way to measure the ability of particular cancer cells to repair the damage done to DNA by a category of commonly utilized anti-cancer drugs that are known as alkylating agents, including nitrosourea and cisplatinin.
Identifying drug-resistant tumors

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