proposed four pathogenic mechanismsnamely
neurocardiac factors, neurohemodynamic factors, blast theory, and pulmonary venule adrenergic hypersensitivity-responsible for the development of NPE(2).
Besides, a relation between the efficiency of cognitive behavioral therapy in panic disorder and the improvement of
neurocardiac control was reported (14).
Diminished autonomic
neurocardiac function in patients with generalized anxiety disorder.
Floras et al., "Heart rate variability biofeedback as a behavioral
neurocardiac intervention to enhance vagal heart rate control," American Heart Journal, vol.
The heart rate variability has been efficient in identifying changes in
neurocardiac function that may be caused by oxidative stress.
Of consideration is the possibility of a
neurocardiac pathway, as similar cardiomyopathy findings have been seen in intracranial hemorrhage [3, 4].
Modern neuroimaging data, including positron emission tomography and functional magnetic resonance imaging, show a complex set of neural interactions termed the
neurocardiac axis, consisting of the insular cortex, the anterior cingulate cortex, the prefrontal cortex, and the amygdala, an area connected to other regions involved in autonomic control [20, 21].
The heart-brain connection has many faces, but it can be divided into 3 major issues: the heart's effects on the brain (e.g., cardiac syncope or source of embolization), the brain's effects on the heart (e.g., neurogenic heart disease), and
neurocardiac syndromes (e.g., Friedreich disease) [46].
One such complication is heart arrhythmias that can occur as a result of
neurocardiac modulation.
Although underlying biological mechanisms that might link metal exposures to cardiac autonomic dysfunction are unidentified,
neurocardiac effects mediated through oxidative stress, enzymatic inhibition, and impaired antioxidant metabolism may play a role (Hearse 1991; Jomova and Valko 2011; Rhoden et al.
-Within Neuroprosthetics devices, Motor Neuroprosthetics segment would garner the largest market share, owing to numerous applications such as Parkinson's disease,
Neurocardiac disorders, Over Active Bladder syndrome and Epilepsy
Behavioral
Neurocardiac Training in Hypertension: A Randomized, Controlled Trial.
