Several proposed methods include the greatest dimension of the invasive tumor, the aggregate linear length, the depth of invasion (by millimeter measurements or using high-power fields), the anatomic level of involvement (based on its relation to the
muscularis mucosa and the vascular plexus), and the percentage of invasive tumor.
The pathologic evaluation revealed JID with true diverticula and hyperplasia on
muscularis mucosa (Figures 2, 3).
Crypt depth was analyzed between the crypt and villus while mucosa (Muscularis thickness) was measured from the top of villus to the base of the
muscularis mucosa (Aptekmann et al., 2001).
The method of pT1 substaging has not been optimized, but microinvasive disease has been defined by different groups as invasive tumor of <1 high power field, greatest invasive tumor diameter of 1 mm, or invasive tumor above the
muscularis mucosa extending to a depth of 2 mm or less.
The typical magnetic resonance imaging findings of the disease include a hypointense mass on T2-weighted images due to induced fibrosis and hypertrophy of the
muscularis mucosa with or without hyperintense hemorrhagic foci on T1-weighted images with fat suppression, abutting the bowel wall (Fig.).
The severity of colonic injury was evaluated by the following parameters [20]: epithelial damage (0, normal; 1, minimal loss of goblet cells; 2, extensive loss of goblet cells; 3, minimal loss of crypts and extensive loss of goblet cells; and 4, extensive loss of crypts); and infiltration (0, normal; 1, infiltrate around crypt bases; 2, infiltrate in
muscularis mucosa; 3, extensive infiltrate in
muscularis mucosa with edema; and 4, infiltration of submucosa).
Sigmoid ulcer biopsy was performed to denote nature and shows multiple fragments of large intestinal mucosa with
muscularis mucosa included in one of them.
The mucosa is composed of the epithelium, lamina propria, and
muscularis mucosa. In adults, the surface epithelium is non-keratinized stratified squamous in type.
Another radical cystectomy was avoided because the review showed a T2 tumour with a possible risk of misinterpretation of
muscularis mucosa for muscularis propria.
Ut: upper thoracic esophagus; Mt: middle thoracic esophagus; Lt: lower thoracic esophagus; EP: epithelium; LPM: lamina propria mucosa; MM:
muscularis mucosa; SM 1: slight submucosal invasion (less than 200 [micro]m from MM); SM 2: deep submucosal invasion (greater than 200 [micro]m from MM); ESD: endoscopic submucosal dissection.
Endoscopic resection was applied to the lesions involving the
muscularis mucosa and submucosa.
They usually originate in the
muscularis mucosa or submucosal layer of the esophagus.