Clinical signs observed in experimental studies with MFA-containing plants of the Malpighiaceae family are marked tachycardia, labored breathing, muscle tremors, loss of balance, ataxia,
muscular tremors, falling, recumbence, pedaling movements, and opisthotonous leading to death in few minutes.
Infection is characterised by progressive haemolytic anaemia associated with high fever, jaundice, decreased milk production, abortion, hyper-sexcitability, dullness/ depression, deterioration of physical condition, brownish urine, loss of appetite,
muscular tremors, constipation, pale mucus membrane and laboured breathing.