TET2 Mutation: The somatic
methylcytosine dioxygenase "ten-eleven translocation 2" (TET2) mutations occur in approximately 23% of AML cases (34).
5
methylcytosine performs similar functions as that of normal cytosine.
Rao, "TET
methylcytosine oxidases in T cell and B cell development and function," Frontiers in Immunology, vol.
The total
methylcytosine level can be assessed by chromatographic methods to determine the global methylated levels.
Wang et al., "The
methylcytosine dioxygenase Tet2 promotes DNA demethylation and activation of cytokine gene expression in T cells," Immunity, vol.
Chang et al., "Distinct roles of the
methylcytosine oxidases Tet1 and Tet2 in mouse embryonic stem cells," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol.
The TET2 gene encodes a
methylcytosine dioxygenase that catalyzes the conversion of
methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine.
TET2 gene located on chromosome 4q24 codes for an enzyme that converts
methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmc) required for normal DNA activation.
These authors suggested that the differences in DNA methylation could reflect different developmental processes occurring in the plant cells, similar to animal embryos, in which a wave of demethylation following fertilization leads to an almost complete conversion of
methylcytosine to cytosines (Chakrabarty et al., 2003).
Previous studies have shown that cytosine can exist in two forms, one of which is the methylated version
methylcytosine. Since the methylation of cytosine does not alter the DNA sequence, but only influences when and where these proteins are produced, it is considered an epigenetic modification.
Set of proteins known as ten-eleven translocation (Tet1-3) demethylates
methylcytosine via hydroxymethylcytosine (hmC) [9].
Based on our previous experience [26,27], we performed CE separation of cytosine and
methylcytosine by using a run buffer of TRIS phosphate at low pH in a 100 [micro]m id uncoated capillary starting from only 2 [micro]g of DNA.