metabolic bone disease

metabolic bone disease

Any defect in bone absorption or deposition that alters the PTH/calcium-phosphate/vitamin D axis, often with increased bone fragility.
 
Aetiology
• Acquired—Fibrous dysplasia, Langerhans cell histiocytosis/histiocytosis X, acromegaly, corticosteroid therapy, heparin, hyperparathyroidism, hyperthyroidism, rickets, immobilisation syndrome, bone metastases, metabolic disease.
• Congenital—Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, homocystinuria, hypophosphatasia, Marfan syndrome, osteogenesis imperfecta, osteoporosis, Paget’s disease of bone (osteitis deformans).
 
Diagnostic workup
Measure Ca2+, PO4–, PTH, other hormones, bone biopsy, tetracycline test.

metabolic bone disease

Any defect in bone absorption or deposition that alters the PTH/calcium-phosphate/vitamin D axis, often with ↑ bone fragility Etiology Fibrous dysplasia, Langerhans' cell histiocytosis/histiocytosis X, acromegaly, corticosteroid therapy, heparin, hyperparathyroidism, hyperthyroidism, rickets, immobilization syndrome, bone metastases, metabolic disease, congenital–Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, homocystinuria, hypophosphatasia, Marfan syndrome, osteogenesis imperfecta, osteoporosis, Paget's disease of bone–osteitis deformans Diagnostic workup Measure Ca2+, PO₄–, PTH, other hormones, bone biopsy, tetracycline test

metabolic bone disease

bone dysmineralization, due to dietary and hormonal dysfunction, e.g. hypercalcaemia, hypocalcaemia, osteoporosis, osteomalacia and rickets, hypoparathyroidism, renal osteodystrophy and Paget's disease

metabolic

pertaining to internal metabolism.

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metabolic acidemia

acidemia due to metabolic error.

metabolic bone disease

includes a range of bone diseases associated with metabolic diseases, e.g. secondary hyperparathyroidism, rickets and osteoporosis.

metabolic defect

generally an inherited defect that is present at birth, but which is not necessarily evident clinically for several months afterwards. The defect creates a metabolic error, which leads to the accumulation of end products which cause clinical signs, e.g. mannosidosis, porphyria or an exaggerated response from an end-organ, e.g. inherited goiter. See also inborn error of metabolism.

metabolic diseases

diseases in which normal metabolic processes are disturbed and a resulting absence or shortfall of a normal metabolite causes disease, e.g. hypocalcemia in cows, or an accumulation of the end products of metabolism causes a clinical illness, e.g. acetonemia of dairy cows. Many diseases in this group really have their beginnings in a nutritional deficiency state. See also production diseases.

metabolic encephalopathy

many disorders of metabolism can lead to neurologic abnormalities through alterations in electrolytes and acid-base balance, accumulation of endogenous toxins. See also encephalopathy.

metabolic error

see metabolic defect (above).

metabolic inhibition technique

a virus neutralization test in tissue culture in which phenol-red indicator is used to detect the acid metabolic products of actively metabolizing cells or the lack of metabolism when cells are infected and destroyed by the virus.

metabolic laminitis

see laminitis.

metabolic myopathies

muscular dystrophies caused by metabolic defects; include systemic glycogenoses, deposits of a PAS-positive glycoprotein, the lipid storage disease of cats caused by carnitine deficiency.

metabolic pathways

groupings of enzymic processes leading to the synthesis or breakdown of carbohydrates, amino acids and lipids.

metabolic polymyopathy

a muscle disease associated with a metabolic disorder, e.g. hyperadrenocorticism.

metabolic polyneuropathy

a disease of the nerves associated with a metabolic disorder, e.g. uremia, diabetes mellitus or hypothyroidism.

metabolic profile

results of a spectrum of tests of metabolic functions.

metabolic profile test

see compton metabolic profile test.

metabolic rate

the rate of energy metabolism in the body. The basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the rate of energy consumption by the body when it is completely at rest.

metabolic syndrome

characterized by hypertension, insulin resistance, an abnormal plasma lipid profile, and obesity.

metabolic toxins

include histamine, other toxic amines, ketone bodies, phenols and cresols from the large intestine, which are normal end-products of metabolism and indigestion but if their normal excretion and detoxication are impeded, cause intoxication. See also toxin.

metabolic water

the water produced in the body by oxidative metabolism of food; it represents 5-10% of the body's water utilization.