Thalamic amnesia after infarct: the role of the mammillothalamic tract and
mediodorsal nucleus.
Pathologically, FFI is characterized by severe and selective thalamic degeneration, especially in the
mediodorsal and anterior ventral nuclei,[1],[17] in which more than 50% of the magnocellular and parvocellular neurons are lost as observed during autopsy.
This potentiated reward correlated with response in areas of the brain that are critical for reward valuation, including the dorsal striatum and
mediodorsal thalamus.
Su talla maxima registrada es de 135 mm (Chamberlin, 1915); antenas con 21 a 31 segmentos, donde los primeros tres a 16 basales con escasas setas; coxoesternito forcipular sin sutura transversal; terguito 1 con sutura transversal y dos suturas paramedianas; terguitos 8 a 12 con margenes laterales, poco frecuentes hasta los terguitos 16 a 17; terguito 21 con sutura
mediodorsal; prefemures de las patas terminales con ocho a diez espinas ventrolaterales, ventromediales, mediales y siete a trece dorsomediales; procesos espinosos de los prefemures con cuatro espinas, aunque puede existir mucha variacion, desde cero hasta doce espinas (Kraepelin, 1903; Chamberlin, 1912; Attems, 1930; Shelley, 2002).
In 1965, Jouvet and Delorme first reported a cat model of loss of REM atonia, which was induced by bilateral, symmetrical, and
mediodorsal pontine tegmental electrolytic injury [101].
Chakraborty, "What does the
mediodorsal thalamus do?" Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, vol.
The muscle attachment within the hamulus subjects its body to a greater load in the
mediodorsal direction, while the head of the hamulus can be freely pulled away laterally and caudally.
Shin, "Extrasynaptic [GABA.sub.A] receptors in
mediodorsal thalamic nucleus modulate fear extinction learning," Molecular Brain, vol.
Anterior thalamic radiation provides connection between
mediodorsal thalamic nuclei and the frontal cortex, as well as connection between anterior thalamic nuclei and the anterior cingulate cortices (39).
Medial frontal cortex (MFC) and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) are anatomically defined as the prefrontal cortex regions that receive robust projections from the magnocellular nucleus; medial nucleus of the
mediodorsal thalamus.
This finding suggests that the thalamic
mediodorsal nucleus (MD) is involved in information transmission of not only visceral pain but also AP.
Lehtimaki et al., "Causal Evidence from Humans for the Role of
Mediodorsal Nucleus of the Thalamus in Working Memory," Cognitive Neuroscience, pp.