The matrix X is the observed value of Z with the
measurement error U.
In this paper, we propose the cost-sensitive feature selection problem of numerical data with
measurement errors and deal with it through considering the trade-off between test costs and misclassification costs.
Also, they are likely to be less susceptible to
measurement error than panel data, because the quantity being tracked is an average and the averaging will, nearly always, reduce the effect of
measurement error (Deaton 1997).
This particular source of
measurement error can hinder assessment efforts targeting both within-group and between-group comparisons (Table 1).
Phase
measurement error is supposed to be 35 degrees.
To make the rules comparable, [sigma] was chosen to produce the same output gap volatility under both rules in the absence of the ZLB and
measurement error.
It should be noted that the main aim of this study was not to rank or recommend a wireless indoor environment sensor but rather to quantify the
measurement errors by different sensors and to evaluate the state-of-the-art of commercially available sensors.
This could increase
measurement errors in estimates.
The systematic error mainly consists of three components: pipe flow modeling error, strain gauge error due to the effects of the paste, and
measurement error caused by pipe wear [21].
HDM and its modifications all require calculation of the ratio of [[Hb].sub.b] values at various time points compared to an initial [[Hb].sub.b] determination; however, the effect of
measurement errors on the accuracy of these volume determinations has never been adequately explored.
Some tolerance for error in wine alcohol labels is appropriate for several reasons: One reason is to allow for
measurement error, since the instruments (and perhaps their users) are not always perfectly precise.
Systematic
measurement error is much easier to find and identify than random error.
