Autotaxin has
lysophospholipase D activity that converts lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) into LPA.
[6] GAL 13 was originally identified as 16-kDa protein with
lysophospholipase activity named placental protein 13 (PP13).
The
lysophospholipase autotaxin and its product, lysophosphatic acid, have been shown to be increased in patients with pruritus due to cholestasis.
Another member of the family, ENPP2, also known as autotaxin, has been considered a secreted
lysophospholipase D that is produced in adipocytes and is responsible for the synthesis of lysophosphatidic acid.
Said-Fernaandez, "Identification ofEntamoeba histolytica intracellular phospholipase A and
lysophospholipase L1 activities," Parasitology Research, vol.
The organism is rich in phospholipases and
lysophospholipase essential for cytolysis of cells [40].
Among the seven members of this family, ATX is a unique enzyme that shows
lysophospholipase D activity [17, 18].
Moreover, several enzymes in the [PLA.sub.2] family also catalyze the phospholipase [A.sub.1] ([PLA.sub.1]),
lysophospholipase, neutral lipid lipase, or even transacylase/ acyltransferase reaction rather than or in addition to the genuine [PLA.sub.2] reaction.
(34.) Chen SC, Wright LC, Golding JC, Sorrell TC (2000) Purification and characterization of secretory phos-pholipase B,
lysophospholipase and lysophospholipase/transacylase from a virulent strain of the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans.
Austen, "Biochemical characterization of human eosinophil Charcot-Leyden crystal protein (
lysophospholipase)," The Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.
Ben Gharsa et al., "The pathological effects of Heminecrolysin, a dermonecrotic toxin from Hemiscorpius lepturus scorpion venom are mediated through its
lysophospholipase D activity," Toxicon, vol.
GPC/E levels are the net result of several different enzyme activities including Phospholipase A2, group IV A/B,
Lysophospholipase 1/2, Phospholipase B1, Phospholipase A2G3, Phospholipase A2G10, and Phospholipase A2G12A and their regulation is difficult to interpret [19].