Viskin, "
Long QT syndromes and torsade de pointes," The Lancet, vol.
The
long QT syndromes: Genetic basis and clinical implications.
The
long QT syndromes: a critical review, new clinical observations and a unifying hypothesis.
It has new content on atrial fibrillation, implantable defibrillators, indications for pacemaker implantation, anticoagulant therapy,
long QT syndromes and other channelopathies, and recently-approved anti-arrhythmia drugs.
Mutations in
long QT syndromes are consistently resulting in a relative increase of depolarizing currents against repolarizing ones (Figure 1).
The congenital
long QT syndromes from genotype to phenotype: clinical implications.
Beta-blockers are considered beneficial in
long QT syndromes, the first choice of therapy in patients with congenital long QT (31), reduce the prevalence of cardiac events and syncope (17,32), but there is a lack of prospective, placebo-controlled studies (33).
Short and
long QT syndromes: does QT length really matter?
An important cause of sudden death due to ventricular arrhythmias in apparently healthy people are the
Long QT Syndromes (LQTS), which are caused by genetic mutations either in the ion channels themselves or, in some cases, other cellular processes that directly or indirectly affect the membrane potential so as to prolong repolarization (9,10).
Long QT syndromes are rare autosomal dominant inherited syndromes affecting approximately 1 in about 2500 individuals, and are produced by more than 400 different mutations (5,6).
In cases in which no structural heart disease can be identified, arrhythmias resulting from such disorders as the
long QT syndromes (LQTSs) are now commonly considered to be likely causes.
Congenital and acquired
long QT syndromes. Can J Cardiol 2003; 19: 76-87.