When the OALL is extraordinarily large, it can compress the pharyngoesophageal and
laryngotracheal segments, resulting in several symptoms, including dysphagia, dyspnea, and hoarseness.
Among them, the
laryngotracheal region has the rarest occurrence that can cause upper airway obstruction.
The haemodynamic response to insertion of i-gel was significantly less than that for endotracheal intubation (2, 19) and is a reflection of an increase in sympathoadrenal activity due to oropharyngeal and
laryngotracheal stimulation (20).
We assessed 6 parameters for the diagnosis of dysphagia by FEES and VFSS: 1) premature spillage; 2) delay in initiation of swallowing; 3) residue of the bolus in the oropharynx after swallowing; 4) residue of the bolus in the hypopharynx after at least 3 swallows (i.e., saliva, secretions, or swallowed materials [contrast-enhanced in VFSS] accumulated in the valleculae, on the lateral or posterior pharyngeal walls, or in the piriform sinuses after deglutition); 5) laryngeal penetration (i.e., presence of contrast [VFSS] or food residues encroached in the airway, above the vocal folds with or without coughing [FEES]); and 6)
laryngotracheal aspiration (i.e., presence of contrast-enhanced or noncontrast-enhanced materials below the vocal folds) (16,17).
Surgical treatment of non-malignant
laryngotracheal stenosis.
Intraoperative and postoperative complications of neck dissection Intraoperative Postoperative Major Severe hemorrhage Hematoma Pneumothorax Airway obstruction Air embolus Facial edema Phrenic nerve or Brachial Carotid artery rupture plexus injury Esophageal injury Neck abscess
Laryngotracheal injury Minor Hemorrhage Hematoma Cranial nerve injury Seroma Chyle leak Wound infection Horner's syndrome Chyle fistula Wound dehiscence Electrolyte imbalance Skin anesthesia
Papillomata are the most common benign tumors in the
laryngotracheal region [61].
Strome, "Mitomycin prevent
laryngotracheal stenosis?" Laryngoscope, vol.
Richardson, "
Laryngotracheal Foreign Bodies in Children: A Comparison With Bronchial Foreign Bodies," American Journal of Diseases of Children, vol.
For these reasons, we selected construction of a mediastinal tracheostoma including
laryngotracheal separation, which is a rare airway management technique.
In particular, the use of multiplanar reformats and 3D volume renderings, with or without virtual endoscopy, can improve assessment of laryngeal framework fractures, arytenoid subluxation, and
laryngotracheal narrowing, thereby providing helpful information for optimal management.