kynurenine

[kin″u-re´nin]

a metabolite of tryptophan found in microorganisms and in the urine of normal animals; it is a precursor of kynurenic acid and an intermediate in the conversion of tryptophan to niacin.

ky·nu·ren·ine

(kī'nū-ren'in),

A product of the metabolism of l-tryptophan, excreted in the urine in small amounts; elevated in cases of vitamin B₆ deficiency.

Farlex Partner Medical Dictionary © Farlex 2012

ky·nu·ren·ine

(kin-yūr'ĕ-nēn)

A product of the metabolism of l-tryptophan, excreted in the urine.

Medical Dictionary for the Health Professions and Nursing © Farlex 2012

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References in periodicals archive ?

Tryptophan is also metabolized by a separate pathway to kynurenine by the enzyme, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO).

Literature Review & Commentary

When you exercise, the levels of an enzyme called kynurenine aminotransferase build up in your muscles.

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Also, the fact that alterations have been observed in the kynurenine pathway in tyrosine metabolism in parkinsonian fly, it can be concluded that kynurenine pathway which is a metabolic pathway leading to the production of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD +) from the degradation of the essential amino tryptophan acid, may be associated with Parkinson's disease.

The relevance of some new biomarkers (e.g. oxidative stress) in psychiatry as evidenced by non -invasive methods in saliva, tears, urine or feaces

Inflammation-associated depression: from serotonin to kynurenine. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2011;36:426-36.

Neutrophil-lymphocyte Ratio and C-reactive Protein Level in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder Before and After Pharmacotherapy

In a randomized, crossover feeding study including 11 obese nondiabetic participants, plasma concentrations of tryptophan, phenylalanine, and kynurenine were increased after a high-fat meal with whey protein isolate (35).

Use of Metabolomics in Improving Assessment of Dietary Intake

Stroup et al., "Metabolomic changes demonstrate reduced bioavailability of tyrosine and altered metabolism of tryptophan via the kynurenine pathway with ingestion of medical foods in phenylketonuria," Molecular Genetics and Metabolism, vol.

Metabolomic Insights into the Nutritional Status of Adults and Adolescents with Phenylketonuria Consuming a Low-Phenylalanine Diet in Combination with Amino Acid and Glycomacropeptide Medical Foods

Kelley, "Inflammation-associated depression: from serotonin to kynurenine," Psychoneuroendocrinology, vol.

Presenting a New Standard Drug Model for Turmeric and Its Prized Extract, Curcumin

Additionally, CTLA-4 induces the expression of the enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) by DCs, which catalyzes degradation of the essential amino acid tryptophan to kynurenine, leading to effector T cell starvation [25].

Regulatory T Lymphocytes in Periodontitis: A Translational View

Orhan et al., "Erratum:Skeletal muscle PGC-1a1 modulates kynurenine metabolism and mediates resilience to stress-induced depression (Cell (2014) 159 (3345))," Cell, vol.

Crosstalk between MicroRNAs and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors and Their Emerging Regulatory Roles in Cardiovascular Pathophysiology

Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase, which catalyzes the oxidative breakdown of the essential amino acid tryptophan, via the kynurenine pathway, is an inhibitor of T-cell proliferation that has been implicated in immune resistance in several cancers, including soft tissue sarcoma [45].

Addressing the Adult Soft Tissue Sarcoma Microenvironment with Intratumoral Immunotherapy

[33] reported that kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO), an enzyme playing a critical role in Huntington's and Alzheimer's diseases, exhibits tumor-promoting effects towards HCC.

Detecting Differentially Variable MicroRNAs via Model-Based Clustering

They also have immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive properties through the direct interaction between cells and secretion of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), leukaemia-inhibiting factor (LIF), and kynurenine [11, 62].