Measurements of the osmotic concentration in shrimp haemolymph were adjusted with polynomial functions (Zar 1984) and the
isosmotic point was calculated in the intersection with the line of equality.
Concentration of AFL required to induce a 50% inhibition of contractions in isolated rat aortic rings (n = 7) pre-contracted with
isosmotic solution [K.sup.+] (65.4 mM) or noradrenaline (1 [micro]M) under different extracellular concentrations of calcium.
amazonicum larvae (zoeae I, II, V, IX) and/or post-larvae exposure to different salinities (fresh water, 6, 12 or 18) about the metabolism and/or intracellular
isosmotic regulation.
The ontogeny of
isosmotic intracellular regulation in the diadromous, freshwater palaemonid shrimps Macrobrachium amazonicum and M.olfersi (Decapoda).
Isosmotic polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution 1000 mL is required for small intestine contrast sonography (SICUS) [5]/enteroclysis [6] or hydrosonography [7] of SB.
According to Pequeux (1995), there are two broad categories of euryhaline invertebrates in respect to osmotic regulation: the "strong regulators", which can maintain their hemolymph osmolality almost constant in a wide range of external salinity values, and the "weak regulators", which only osmoregulate within a narrow range of external salinity values and whose hemolymph osmolality drops, more or less in parallel with the
isosmotic line, when the medium salinity falls below a certain limit (PRUSCH, 1983).
1997), Protection against water loss is mainly based on the oliguria: urine will concentrate until it is
isosmotic in retation to plasma.
As a result of these reabsorptive and secretory processes, the osmolarity of the tubular fluid at the end of the PT is
isosmotic, that is, essentially equivalent to plasma, or approximately 300 mOsm/L.
Glycine has the advantages of being
isosmotic (thus it does not cause hemolysis) and nonconducting (thus allowing for electrocoagulation without charge dispersal).
They also tested the osmolarity of the perivitelline fluid surrounding the developing embryo over a wide range of salinities, and showed that the fluid changed rapidly and became almost
isosmotic with the surrounding medium.
However, this tradeoff was not observed in Pagurus minutus in water of our experimental salinity regimes, because significantly different osmoregulation abilities were not found in
isosmotic and hypersaline regimes (i.e., salinity 35-52.5 media) among crabs from the 3 populations.
Salinity was higher than the
isosmotic point (approximately 20 g [L.sup.-1]) which may have a negative effect on the energy budget of the white shrimp (Valdez et al., 2008), although values as high as 40 g [L.sup.-1] does not seem to affect significantly the growth rate of this species (Ponce-Palafox et al., 1997).
