Push-pull model of the primate photopic electroretinogram: A role for
hyperpolarizing neurons in shaping the b-wave.
Acetylcholine releases endothelium-derived
hyperpolarizing factor and EDRF from rat blood vessels.
Vanhoutte, "Endothelium-derived
hyperpolarizing factor: where are we now?" Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, vol.
Ang 1 to 7 may be potential candidates of PVRFs given that Ang 1 to 7 act on the endothelium to cause the release of nitric oxide, which acts as a
hyperpolarizing factor through K (Ca) channels to cause relaxation of the blood vessel in rat aorta [56].
Feletou et al., "An endothelium-derived
hyperpolarizing factor distinct from NO and prostacyclin is a major endothelium-dependent vasodilator in resistance vessels of wild-type and endothelial NO synthase knockout mice," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol.
As the endothelium was strongly involved in the relaxant effects of CGA, the role of the three main endothelial relaxing pathways namely NO-Synthase (NOS), cyclooxgenase (COX) and the endothelium-derived
hyperpolarizing factors (EDHF) was studied.
The relaxing effect of Thyme on corpus cavernosal tissue could be mediated by multiple action mechanisms including increasing the release of nitric oxide from corporal sinusoids, increasing the intracellular calcium sequestration that
hyperpolarizing action [28].
More important as a local regulator of vascular tone are the vascular enodothelium producing vasodilators, such as nitric oxide (NO), prostacyclin and endothelium-derived
hyperpolarizing factors and vasoconstrictors, such as endothelin, platelet activating factors [3,4].
Nelson, "
Hyperpolarizing vasodilators activate ATP-sensitive [K.sup.+] channels in arterial smooth muscle," Science, vol.
Under these strict conditions, depolarizing or
hyperpolarizing current pulses were injected through one microelectrode, and, with the other, the changes in the transmembrane potential were recorded.
Under normal conditions, the endothelium maintains comparatively low basal vascular tone by the production and release of factors that relax vascular smooth muscle, including prostacyclin, endothelium-derived relaxing factor, and endothelium-derived
hyperpolarizing factor.