Push-pull model of the primate photopic electroretinogram: A role for
hyperpolarizing neurons in shaping the b-wave.
Acetylcholine releases endothelium-derived
hyperpolarizing factor and EDRF from rat blood vessels.
As the endothelium was strongly involved in the relaxant effects of CGA, the role of the three main endothelial relaxing pathways namely NO-Synthase (NOS), cyclooxgenase (COX) and the endothelium-derived
hyperpolarizing factors (EDHF) was studied.
20 Takayuki Matsumoto, Tsuneo Kobayashi, Kentaro Wakabayashi and Katsuo Kamata; Cilostazol improves endothelium-de- rived
hyperpolarizing factor-type relaxation in mesenteric arteries from diabetic rats, Am J Physiol Heart CircPhys- io,2005;H1933-H1940
Both inhibitory impulses and
hyperpolarizing current are known to synchronize neural elements leading to the modulation of the nervous system and decreased metabolic activity indicative of the parasympathetic state.
The insulin secretion induced by the
hyperpolarizing agent KCl was also reduced to 43% of that detected in the isolated pancreatic islets of the wild-type (Figure 3).
It is stated that along with the
hyperpolarizing factors released from endothelium during exercise, NO released from skeleton and endothelium.
Acetylcholine can lower blood pressure via vasodilation through nitric oxide, cyclooxygenase, and endothelium-derived
hyperpolarizing factor pathways (de Wit et al.
the production of
hyperpolarizing factors derived from the endothelium.
Cilostazol improves endothelium-derived
hyperpolarizing factor-type relaxation in mesenteric arteries from diabetic rats.
These metabotropic receptors associated with the G inhibitory protein (Gi/o) reduce cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) through adenyl cyclase inhibition, and induce an increase in potassium (14) by enhanced permeability of inflow and outflow channels,
hyperpolarizing the postsynaptic neuron.
Vascular endothelium regulates the underlying smooth muscle layer and vascular tone by release of endothelium-derived relaxing factors such as nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandins, and endothelium-derived
hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) as well as vasoconstricting factors such as endothelin, superoxide (O2-), and thromboxane (25, 28-32).
